心灵鸡汤每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
六级考试模拟卷篇一
directions: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a
questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
what does it feel like to be approaching the wrong end of middle age for themoment at least, the differences between the young diplomat of 30 years ago andthe aging writer of today are more psychological than physical. naturally. i canhardly ignore the inevitable change in my outward appearance. my hair has gone—well, silver; the whites of my eyes occasionally look more like yolks; and i’vegot heavier round the middle. but all this is merely on the surface inside. i’mnot really conscious of feeling very much older than i did my younger days.
mentally, however, it’s another story. it is no longer a surprise to come intoa room and to find that i’m the oldest person in it, but notice the fact all the same. it’s a long time since i stopped worrying about policemen being youngerthan me; when, on the other hand, i find generals, archbishops and high court judges in the same happy situation. i tend to grow thoughtful …
now for the compensations. and there are plenty of them, and by no means the least is a new found independence. until now, responsibilities seem to have increased year by year; now, thankfully they begin to diminish, and are replaced by new opportunities.
these are positive compensations; there are also negative ones which can be appreciated just as much. immense pleasure can be got from putting things behind one. my own recent decision—taken with immense relief—has been to give up all efforts to understand modern music. there is more than enough music from the17th, 18th and 19th centuries to keep me happy for the rest of my life. now, atlast, i can face the fact that i just don’t like 20th century music.
finally, it’s goodbye to hypochondria. when i was young i constantly worried about my health and imagined i had all sorts of terrible diseases. now those daysare over. i love every moment of my life and want it to go on for as long as possible until i become senile or a burden to my family and friends, at which point i would like it to stop at once. i can honestly say that i have had and am still having a wonderful time.
the passage, what is the writer mainly talking about
a) we should take an objective attitude towards the problem of getting old.
b) we can have compensations while getting old.
c) getting old is a terrible thing.
d) we should refuse to accept the fact of getting old.
ing to the passage, the changes of the writer while getting old
are the following except ____.
a) the hair has become white
b) the whites of the eyes look like yellow
c) the man becomes fat
d) the difference between the young and the aging writer is more in his o
utward appearance than in his inside
ing to the writer, what is not the advantage of getting old
a) new opportunities take the place of responsibilities.
b) immense pleasure can be got from negative compensations.
c) generals, archbishops and high court judges are all happy while getting old.
d) hypochondria will not disturb you any longer.
is the meaning of putting things behind one
a) to put things that should be done after another one. b) to give up.
c) to do the things as you like. d) to delay the time of finishing the work.
is the writer’s attitude towards the problem of getting old
a) optimistic.b) pessimistic.c) indifferent. d) tolerant.
questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism / evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. a few have already appeared. the goal of all will be to try toexplain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not twoequally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.
the first four chapters of kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. at appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. in the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. he describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. when their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more christian behavior.
kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. the non-specialist will be able to obtain at leasta notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. the final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. on the dustjacket of this fine book, stephen jay gould says:“this book stands for reason itself.” and so it does and all would be well were reason the only judge in thecreationism i evolution debate.
than twenty books ____.
a) are intended to support creationism
b) are intended to attack kitcher
c) are written in a style of clarity and effectiveness
d) include kitcher’s hook
32、“creationism” in the passage refers to ______.
a) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe
b) a notion of the creation of religion
c) the scientific explanation of the earth formation
d) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe
r’s book is intended to ______.
a) recommend the views of the evolutionistsb) expose the true features of creationists
c) curse bitterly at his opponentsd) launch a surprise attack on creationists
the passage we can infer that ______.
a) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
b) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
c) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists
d) creationism is supported by scientific findings
passage appears to be a digest of ______.
a) a book review b) a scientific paper
c) a magazine feature d) a newspaper editorial
questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
it was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. after six months ofarguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, australia’s northern territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. the measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. almost immediately word flashed on the internet and was picked up, half a world away, by john hofsess, executive director of the right to die society of canada. he sent it on via the group’s on-line service, death
net. says hofsess: “we posted bulletins all day long，because of course this isn’t just something that happened in australia. it’s world history.”
the full import may take a while to sink in. the nt rights of the terminally illlaw has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. some have breathed sights of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the australian medical association, bitterly attacked the hill and the haste of its passage. but the tide is unlikely to turn back. in australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going toconsider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. in the us and canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
under the new northern territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. the patient mustbe diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. after a “cooling off” period ofseven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. after 48 hours the wish for death can be met. for lloyd nickson, a 54-year-old darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the nt rights of terminally ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“i’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what i was afraid of was how i’d go, because i’ve watched people die in thehospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
of the following has the similar meaning to the sentence “but the tide is unlikely to turn hack”
a) us and some other countries are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
b) it is impossible to pass the bill.
c) doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.
d) the fact that the nt rights of the terminally ill law has been passedprobably can’t be changed.
the second paragraph we learn that ______.
a) the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
b) physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
c) changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
d) it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes tostart falling, he means ______.
a) observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
b) similar bills are likely to be passed in the us, canada and other countries
c) observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
d) the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
lloyd nickson dies, he will ______.
a) face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia b) experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
c) have an intense fear of terrible suffering d) undergo a cooling off period of seven days
author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ______.
a) opposition b) suspicion c) approval d) doubt
directions:there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet witha single line through the centre.
were only able to make a ______ estimate of annual cost.
a) coarse b) rough c) crude d) rude
is ______ nonsense that we win the game by chance.
a) sheer b) shield c) shear d) sheet
diet should be perfectly ______ most people.
a) deficient in b) short of c) intent on d) adequate for
______ student will have a chance to be successful if he has self-confidence in his mind.
a) common b) usual c) averaged) general
ody has the general knowledge that the human body is a ______machine.
a) delicate b) precise c) considerated) sensitive
46.______ cars in traffic jams cause a great deal of pollution.
a) standing b) stable c) stationary d) still
are told that over the next few months our work ______ will change.
a) pattern b) scale c) grade d) rank
can pay for the house in ______ over a specified number of years.
a) compensation b) substitution c) installments d) commission
fragile peace between the two countries was hanging by a ______ 。
a) thread b) rope c) string d) cord
general, native speaker will make ______ too when they use their native language.
a) errors b) mistakes c) weaknesses d) flaws
organization publishes a regular ______ of world population statistics.
a) themes b) leaflets c) digests d) insights
government has an ______ to cut tax if he promised to do so.
a) impulse b) influence c) sympathy d) obligation
this company, most of the employees are women, but in the boards of corporations, women are in a ______ 。
a) minimum b) shortage c) scarcity d) minority
54.i promised you that i’d help you, i’m not going ______ that.
a) in for b) along withc) back on d) through with
55.i was trying to tell him what really happened, but he ______ me______.
a) gave.。.up b) cut.。.short c) turn.。.out d) put.。.through
others think i do not know, i can only ______ for myself.
a) speak b) talk c) tell d) say
team has been ______ down the league table and really needs some new players.
a) declining b) lessening c) slipping d) descending
______ the classroom by adding a new building to it in order to
hold more students.
a) enhance b) enlarge c) strengthen d) magnify
you think you could ______ that chocolate cake
a) duplicate b) stimulate c) accelerate d) modify
the computer keyboard, this is the key for ______.
a) repelling b) constraining c) compelling d) deleting
can ______ the dangers of driving if we obey all the rules of theroad.
a) furnish b) minimize c) prolong
d) rectify
i was on vacation abroad, my mail ______ in the box.
a) accumulate b) assemble c) converge d) crowd
ng this button, you can ______ the direction of movement of the machine.
a) confuseb) perplex c) hamper d) reverse
’s given too much to his career, worked long hours, and ______ his own children.
a) discard b) miss c) neglect d) omit
hardly seems middle-aged, ______ old.
a) less likely b) let alone c) much worsed) all else
way in which information is transmitted has changed ______.
a) dramatically b) startlingly c) enormouslyd) uniquely
are information that i really need to keep on ______.
a) sequence b) segment c) pile d) file
’s one of the most astonishing economic ______ seen since the second world war.
a) transmissions b) transitions c) transformationsd) transaction
in our department provide a ______ of the fact that people of different nations and cultures can work together peacefully.
a) demonstration b) manifestation c) implementation d) expedition
company is trying to increase its ______ of the market.
a) circulation b) reproduction c) manipulation d) penetration
directions: in this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. read the passage carefully. then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words)。
as children, many of us got a great deal of criticism and, as a result, learneda variety of patterns for coping with it. marya had apparently received little criticism, but, knowing that she was not perfect and deserved what other childrengot, developed her own patterns of self-judgment and censure. being judged, whether we are underestimated or overestimated, usually implies a demand, subtle ordirect, that we change. if others do not demand change, we may feel the need todemand it of ourselves.
reactions that are relatively free from attempts to change or discredit us, given by someone who cares for us, and with the intention of letting us know what impressions we are making may be easier to take. if, however, our usual reaction is to defend ourselves, even mild criticism or impressions given gently without demands that we change may play havoc with our defensive structure and become difficult to handle.
questions:（注意： 答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）
is the passage mainly about____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
s2. why is criticism necessary____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
s3. people need criticism for ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
s4. people need the real criticism ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
s5. what does the phrase play havoc with in the passage mean____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
part ⅴwriting (30 minutes)
directions:for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “grades and ability”。 you should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:
1、有些人认为分数体现能力。
2、有些人则认为分数不一定体现能力。
3、我对此问题的看法。
part ⅰ
section a
1.b 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.d
section b
passage one
11.a 12.d 13.b
passage two
14.c 15.a 16.b
passage three
17.c 18.a 19.a 20.d
part ⅱ
passage one 短文大意
使用公用电话可能会遇到烦恼：为了打“便宜价”电话，乔治得等到晚上六点以后；若队排在前面的人讲起话来没完没了，他等的时间还要长。找不到电话号码，还得问查询台。毫不容易找到号码，准备打电话，又有人闯进来催着快点。接通了电话，正等着对方来接，电话里有发出提示音，要继续投币。慌乱中碰掉了事先准备好的硬币，电话断了，只能重拨。若要传听，接线人的声音冷冰冰的，等待时间很长，乔治还得不停地投币，烦恼真是太多了。
21、 答案 d
【参考译文】本文的主要目的是为了证实____。
【试题分析】本题考查的是对整文章的综合理解。
【详细解答】从全文章内容来看，其主要目的不是关于如何使用公共电话，因为几乎人人都会使用公用电话，没有必要进行整论述，进行指导。也不是给人们提供如何处理公用电话问题的建议，而是使用时可能遇到的种种麻烦，并且举出了实例加以说明。文章一开头就提出了这个问题，第一个句子就是主题句，也是本文的主题思想，包含了本文的主要目的——证明使用公用电话时可能遇到的烦恼。故d符合本题的要求。
22、 答 案 a
【参考译文】 对下列几种电话，哪一种是你未必会打的“便宜价”电话。
【试题分析】本题测试的是分析综合判断能力。
【详细解答】从文中可知，打“便宜价”电话是非常令人懊恼的，因为很难打出去，既费时又费力。对于一般性的问题可能会打“便宜”电话，例如和朋友聊天，问候病人或表示节日祝贺等，如b、c、d项中所述的情况。但对于重大事情或者紧急事情，人们就不会图“便宜”而耗掉自己的宝贵时间。所以a符合题意要求，为本题的正确答 案。
23、 答 案 b
【参考译文】乔治起码感到欣慰的是____。
【试题分析】本题是对综合分析判断能力进行考查
【详细解答】如果选a（电话亭是在一个方便的位置上），与题意不符。实际上：the telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. 电话亭设在来往汽车轰鸣吵杂的主干道交汇处，加上玻璃窗破损，给打电话的人造成了很大的不便，这显然不是一个合适和方便的位置。如果选c（他可以使用电话号码簿查号码），与题意也不符。因为：当乔治走进电话亭拿起一本电话簿，才发现不知谁已把他需要的那一页给撕掉了，他不得不拨打问询处。但是由于有人在外面不停地敲门，最后只好把所给的号码记下来，因此他也就未能向旅馆中的接待员传达到他的口信，故d项也不符合题意。但是有一点是肯定的，电话本身并没有停止工作，这起码能够给乔治一点点安慰，故b为本题的正确答 案。
24、 答 案 c
【参考译文】 为什么乔治不得不再拨一次电话
【试题分析】本题测试的是文章的细节部分。
【详细解答】此题答 案可以在短文第四段的第四句话中找到：at last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing tone, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money,but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on thetop of the box. 最后他听到电话铃音的嘎嘎声，马上接着是急速的报时信号，要他投币。但是由于他此刻非常懊恼，以致于把放在箱子上准备投进去的钱币弄掉了下来，因此，他不得不再找到那些钱币投入到箱子中去，这也就是为什么他不得不再次拨号的原因。所以c符合本题题意。
25、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 乔治打完电话后心情如何
【试题分析】本题测试的是综合分析能力。
【详细解答】乔治打完电话后的心情可以在文章的最后一句话中充分体现出来：breathingheavily, george replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.（乔治重重地吸了一口气之后，把话筒放好，这时扣门声又响了。）打电话中遇到了这么多不愉快的事情，自然不会给乔治带来什么愉快和欣慰，这种烦恼的心情从“重重地吸了一口气”中表现出来，故a符合本题题意。
passage two 短文大意
人到老年将是什么样的感觉作者认为接着从30年前的年轻的外交官变成现在的中老年作者，这种变化更多的是心理上的，而非生理上的。人到老年会有变化，但是，人到老年也有其有利的方面：发现自己独立了，从解脱中找到了乐趣，不象年轻时那样担心健康。作者由衷地说：“从内心来说，我并未比年轻的时候感到更老一些。我能老实地说我已拥有并仍在拥有生命中的美好时光。”
26、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 在短文中，作者主要谈论的是什么
【试题分析】本题是道考查综合能力的逻辑推理题。
【详细解答】作者在文章的一开始就直接提问：what does it feel like to be approaching the wrong end of middle age（人到老年将是什么样的感觉）此句点出本文所讨论的将是人到老年的问题。接着作者介绍了人到老年将会有是变化，用了大量的笔墨阐明了人到老年也有其有利的一面，其目的在于说明人到老年并非是一件极其可怕的事情，应该客观地面对它，因此a项对待人变老的问题应该采取客观态度是本题的最佳答 案。b项人变老有补偿只是作者用于陈述自己观点的理由，因此不全面，不能作为本题的答 案。c项人变老是一件可怕的事和d项我们应该拒绝接受人变老的事实，这两项明显与原文不相符，应该排除。
27、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 根据短文，作者变老时与年青时相比，____是错误的。
【试题分析】本题测试的是对句意的理解。
【详细解答】文章在第一段中介绍了人进入老年的各种变化。naturally, i can hardly ignore the inevitable change in my outward appearance. my hair has gone—well, silver;the whites of my eyes occasionally look more like yolks, and i’ve got heavier round the middle. （自然，我无法回避人到老年外表上的变化：头发花白，眼白开始变黄，肚子越来越大。）本题四个选项中a、b和c三个选项均与此相符。文章在第一段中还说明了… the differences between the young diplomat of 30 years ago and the aging writer of today are more psychological than physical. （… 从30年前的年轻的外交官变成了今天的中老年作者，这种变化更多的是心理上的，而非生理上的。）由此可见，d项所提及的外表变化要多于内部变化是错误的，符合题意，是本题的答 案。
28、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 根据作者的观点，变老的不利因素是什么
【试题分析】本题是道是非辨别题。
【详细解答】文章中介绍了老有老的好处。第三段中提到… now, thankfully, they begin to diminish, and are replaced by new opportunities. （现在，谢天谢地，它们开始消失，取而带之的是新的机遇。）这里they指的是前文所提的responsibilities（责任）。因此a项符合原文。b项也同样与文章内容相符，其根据在文章的第四段：… there are also negative ones which can be appreciated just as much. immense pleasure can be got from putting things behind one.同样文章的最后一段也提到 finally, it’s goodbyeto hypochondria. i find generals archbishops and high court judges in the samehappy situation, …这里in the same happy situation（处于同样的形势）指的是都在变化，因此c项符合题意，是本题的正确答 案。
29、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 putting things behind one的意思是什么
【试题分析】本题测试的是根据上下文推测词义的能力。
【详细解答】putting things behind one 从字面上看与a项的意思相同，但是仔细看下文我们就可以知道在文章中a项的解释并不准确。my own recent decision — taken with immense relief — has been to give up all efforts to understand modern music.这是作者所举的一例，用以说明immense pleasure can be got from putting things behind one.因此，本题的正确答 案应该是b项，意为放弃。
30、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 作者对人变老的问题的态度是什么
【试题分析】本题是道推测作者观点的题目。
【详细解答】通读全文，我们不难感觉到作者在文中透露出来的乐观情绪。作者在第一段最后说：… inside, i’m not really conscious of feeling very older than i did inmy younger days.（从内心来说，我并未比年轻时候感到更老些。）接着作者列举了人到老年的好处，同时文章在最后再次表达了 i can honestly say that i have had and am still having a wonderful time.（我能老实地说我已拥有并且仍在拥有生命中的美好时光。）因此不难判断出本题的`最佳答 案应该是a项，尽管文章中并未直接明确说明。
passage three
短文大意
有20本书是关于世界起源理论的。所谓的科学的世界起源理论是以宗教为依据的，而不是以科学为依据的。kitcher的书有力地批驳了这一伪科学的理论，揭露了创世说的本质。这本书的写作风格清晰明了、生动有力。
31、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 在二十多本书中____。
【试题分析】本题测试的是文章的细节部分。
【详细解答】a项“旨在支持creationism”。b项“旨在攻击kitcher”。文章首段讲了20本书是关于creationism的，其目的是向迷惑不解的百姓解释关于世界的起源没有两种正确的科学理论。显然a、b不可选。c项“写作风格清晰明了，生动有力”是指kitcher 的书的写作风格，即第三段首句的内容。根据文章第一段内容可知，关于creationism的书有20本，kitcher的书是其中之一，因此，第二段详细介绍kitcher的书，所以d项为正确答 案。
32、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 短文中creationism指的是____。
【试题分析】本题考查的是根据短文推测词义的能力。
【详细解答】短文第一段中说：这些书的目的是尽力向被弄糊涂和缺乏知识的老百姓解释关于宇宙和生命的起源和发展两种同等正确的科学理论。…“科学的”世界起源理论…是以宗教为依据而不是以科学为依据的（“scientific” creationism … is based on religion, not science）， scientific带上引号说明不是真正科学的，而是假的或是自我标榜的。另外，第二段倒数第二句中的…their deception and distortion也提供了依据，故选项d正确。a项“政治意义上的关于宇宙起源的理论”，b项“宗教上的创世纪概念”，c项“对地球形成的科学解释”均不是正确答 案。
33、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 kitcher的书意在____。
【试题分析】本题是对文章段落的整体理解进行考查。
【详细解答】本文第二段具体介绍kitcher’s book各个章节的主要内容：第一章对creation力量进行了介绍，并适当引出了对creationists的批评。在最后三章里，作者takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating;作者还向那些不了解creationists的人描述了他们的programs and tactics（欺骗手法），这一切充分说明了kitcher’s book(b)旨在揭露creationists的本质特征。a项介绍evolutionists的观点，c项猛烈抨击他的对手，d项向creationists发动突然袭击，均非本题的正确答 案。
34、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 从短文中我们能够推知____。
【试题分析】本题为间接推理题。
【详细解答】本题要求考生根据文章推出一定的结论。短文第一段中明确说明了所谓科学的creationism是以宗教为依据，而不是以科学为依据的 （… is based on religion, not science）。宗教的东西不可能是科学的逻辑推理，因此b项（creationists的论据不是以逻辑推理为基础的）是正确答 案。从全文看，作者列举了大量证据，包括kitcher’s book的内容，有力地批驳了creationists的所谓理论，从这方面看也可以判定creationist的论据缺乏合理性。a项“逻辑推理在辩论中起了决定性作用”，c项“进化理论对非专业者来说太难”，d项“创世说理论得到了科学发现的支持。”均与原文不符。
35、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 本文象是____摘要。
【试题分析】本题测试的是了解分析推理能力。
【详细解答】题目问本文象什么摘要。a项“书评”，b项“科学论文”，c项“杂志”，d项“社论”。本文在开头介绍了所有书的写作目的（try to explain …）；接着介绍了kitcher的书的主要内容，介绍了kitcher其人及其论据为什么清晰易懂，作后还介绍了书的护封上某名人的评价。综上所述，本文最象书评摘要，而不可能是其他三个选项。
passage four短文大意
经过长时间的艰辛的努力，终于通过了有关安乐死的法律。有些人攻击该法案，想去****它，但是这并不能逆转局势，尽管认识到通过该法案的意义需要时间。
36、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 与but the tide is unlikely to turn back相近意思是哪一项
【试题分析】本题为句意理解题。
【详细解答】but the tide is unlikely to turn back可直译为：可这种潮流是不可逆转的。上文说：有些人攻击该法案，言外之意是有些人想****该法案。为什么不可能逆转局势下文列举事例进行了说明。因此，答 案为d项“nt rights of terminally i11法案事实是不可逆转的”，而不是a项（美国和其他国家等待着发生多米诺骨牌效应），不是b项（不可能通过该法案），也不是c项（法律允许医生剥夺病人的生命）。
37、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 从第二段我们可以知道____。
【试题分析】本题是道推理论断题。
【详细解答】a)在别的国家里对安乐死的反对缓慢。b)医生和市民对安乐死持相同的观点。c)不断变化的技术对草率通过该法律应付主要责任。c)需要时间才能认识到通过该法律的意义。根据短文第二段，a、c两项文中未提到，易于排除，而b项干扰性很大。第二段第二句话说医生和市民同样需要从道义和实际两方面去对待安乐死这一问题，alike同样地 （adv.），它修饰动词trying，而不是指“持相同意见”，而且紧接着下文说：一些人如释重负，另一些人则猛烈抨击，显然，观点是不一致的，故b不可选。d与短文第二段的首句意义一致；
the full import may take a while to sink in.理解其全部含义需要时间(sink in理解=become understood, have a fixed place in mind)。
38、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 作者说观察者们等待着多米诺骨牌效应的发生，他的意思是____。
【试题分析】本题测试的是对文章段落的理解和推论。
【详细解答】dominoes本身是多米诺骨牌游戏，一块牌倒下，其他的全部跟着倒下，即发生连锁反应。根据短文第二段中的上下文，澳大利亚通过安乐死的法律，美国和加拿大的一些人“期待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下”，显然，这里是在暗喻期待类似发法律也相继在本国实施。因此，选项b（类似的法案和可能在美国和加拿大得以通过）的解释与题目意思最相近。
39、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 当lloyd nickson去世之时，他将____。
【试题分析】本题为间接推理题。
【详细解答】文中并未直接说到nickson怎样面对死亡，但根据他的话可知，他不怕死，而是害怕如何去死，害怕经历临走前因呼吸困难而垂死挣扎的痛苦。可如今，安乐死的法律已被通过，他不必这样提心吊胆了，正如文章最后部分所说：… law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from hisbreathing condition.据此可知，选项a是正确答 案，即nickson将带着安乐死特有的平静去面对死亡。b、c是过去的情况，与安乐死合法化后的情况不符；文中虽然提到了病人在签字实施安乐死前需要七天稳定情绪，但是d项并非该题所问，故d也不能入选。
40、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 对待安乐死作者是持____观点。
【试题分析】本题考查的是间接推理能力。
【详细解答】需要从字里行间去推断作者的态度。虽然文中作者并未直接表明自己的观点，但是作者通过列举事例暗示了自己的观点。首先，作者提到了加拿大的john hofsess，并引用了他的话：“…这是世界历史上的大事。”接着在第二段中，作者提到了在美国和加拿大一些人期待着类似法律的相继实施，最后以nickson为例说明了该法案得到了病人的拥护与欢迎，据此可知作者是持赞同(approval)观点的。
part ⅲ
41、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 我们只能对年成本作一个大致的估计。
【详细解答】rough 是个多义词，其中的一个含义相当于approximate， 可译为“粗略的、大致的”，因此b项是本题的正确答 案。coarse，crude，rude这三个词在做“粗糙的、粗鲁的”的意思解释的时候与rough是同义词，但是它们不能和calculation, computation, estimate等词进行搭配表示“粗略的”之意。
42、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 我们赢得比赛纯属偶然的说法完全是胡说八道。
【详细解答】从句子结构来看应该填入一个用于修饰nonsense的词，sheer的意思是“完全的、十足的”，可以用来修饰nonsense，因此是本题的正确答 案。其他三个词的词形与sheer相似，但意思不同，放在句子中不能形成合理的逻辑关系。
43、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 对大多数人来说，这种饮食是完全合适的。
【详细解答】deficient in 和short of的意思均为“缺少……的”，用于本题之中意思讲不通，intent on是“专心、一心一意（于……）”之意，放入句中句意不通顺。只有adequate for（对……适当的、充分的）符合本题的题意。
44、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 只要心里有自信，一般学生也有机会获得成功。
【详细解答】这一组词是近义词，usual主要指“最常见的”，一般不与表示“人”的名词搭配。general可译为“一般的、普通的”，但修饰人的时候主要指“只有普通知识的人、不需要特别技能的人”。common可以解释为“普通的、平常的”，但是从本题的句意来看，句中所指的“一般的”是指有代表性的，因此它没有average合适。
45、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 每个人都有这个常识：人体是一台精巧的机器。
【详细解答】本题需要填入一个用语修饰machine的形容词delicate（精心的）可以用来修饰machine。precise意为“精确的、准确的”，sensitive意为“灵敏的”，considerate意为“考虑周到的、体谅的”，这三个词用于本题都不太贴切。
46、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 交通阻塞时汽车静止不动，这样会产生大量的污染。
【详细解答】standing作为形容词使用的时候意思是“常设的”，它也有“不动的”的意思，但是没有“固定不动的”之意。still意为“静止的”，更多地强调“静”的意思。而stable则为“稳定的”意思，与句意相差甚远。stationary（固定的、静止不动的）有侧重于位置固定不动的意思，因此是本题的正确选项。
47、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 我们被告知在随后的几个月里我们的工作模式将发生变化。
【详细解答】scale可以作“规模”来讲，但是常常与介词on进行搭配。grade（等级、级别）和rank（顺序、等级）都不适合于本题，因此只有pattern（模式）适合于本题句意。
48、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 你可以用在规定的年限内分期付款的方式购买房子。
【详细解答】本题要求填入一个能够与介词in进行搭配的名词。in compensation的意思是“以作赔偿”； in substitution意为“代替……”， 后常与介词for连用；in commission可以作“委托、佣金”解释，这三个介词结构放入句中都与句子的意思不符。in installments是“分期（付款）”的意思，正好与句子意思相符。
49、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 两国间的和平关系岌岌可危、危在旦夕。
【详细解答】四个选项都有“绳子、线”的意思，但是能够和hang进行搭配的只有thread。hang by a thread表示某事的情况很不稳定，岌岌可危、危在旦夕。
50、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 一般说来，本国人在使用自己的语言的时候也会犯错误。
【详细解答】在表示犯语言错误的时候只能用error和mistake这两个词。error所指的错误是语法错误，而mistake所指的是语用错误。对于本国人来说，他们一般所犯的都是语用错误，因此用mistake更合适。
51、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 该组织定期出版有关世界人口统计资料的摘录。
【详细解答】digest意为“摘录”。theme意思是“主题、题目”；leaflet意思是“传单、散页印刷品”；insight意思是“深刻见解”，这三个词放入句中不合逻辑，因此都不是本题的答 案。
52、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 政府有责任实施他所承诺的减税义务。
【详细解答】根据句意，只有obligation（义务、责任）符合题意，而其他三个词impulse（冲动、突然的欲望）、influence（影响、感化）和sympathy（同情、同情心）都不合适。
53、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 这家公司里大多数职员都是女的，但是在公司董事会里，妇女是少数。
【详细解答】根据句意，空格处应该填入表示“少数”意思的词，而in a minority就恰好表示此意。shortage表示“不足、缺少”，scarcity表示“稀少、欠收”，minimum表示“最低限度、最少量”。
54、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 我答应过要帮助你，我是不会食言的。
【详细解答】go back on意为 “违背”。go in for 意思是“爱好、从事”，表示从事某种具体的活动；go along with意思是“赞同、支持”；go through with意思是“将……进行到底”。这三个词组放入句中，句子意思不通顺。
55、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 我想把实际情况告诉他，但是他打断了我的话，不让我说完。
【详细解答】根据题意，这里要填入一个表示“打断”意思的短语。cut someone short意为“打断”；give someone up意为“把某人交给、招供出某人”；turn someone out意为“驱逐某人、使某人离开”；put someone through意为“为某人接通电话”。
56、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 我不知道别人怎么想，我只能说出我个人的想法。
【详细解答】speak意为“说话、谈话”，强调说话能力。talk通常指“交谈”，也有“说服”的意思。tell意为“告诉”，偏重提供情况。say意为“说、讲”，强调说话的内容。
57、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 这个队在协会中的名望不断下降，的确需要增补几名新队员了
【详细解答】slip作“下降”意思讲的时候，主要强调水平或者标准的下降。decline（下降）， 主要强调数量的下降或减少。descend意思是“下来，下降”，表示从高处降到低处。lessen表示大小、程度、重要性的减弱或者减少。
58、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 他们盖了一栋新楼，增大了教室面积，以容纳更多的学生。
【详细解答】enlarge（扩大、增大）可以和名词farm、 view等词搭配使用。enhance意思是“提高、增强”；strengthen的意思是“加强、变强”；magnify意思是“夸大、放大”。
59、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 你认为你可以复制出同样的巧克力蛋糕吗
【详细解答】duplicate意为“模仿、复制”，符合题目的意思。stimulate是“激励、促进”的意思，accelerate是“加速、促进”的意思”，modify是“变更、更改”的意思。
60、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 在计算机键盘上，这个键是删除键。
【详细解答】意为“删除”，而repel表示“排斥”，constrain表示“抑制、限制”，compel表示“排斥、抵抗”。
61、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 如果开车时我们能够遵守一切交通规则， 我们就能将危险减少到最小程度。
【详细解答】minimize意思是“减小到最低限度”，符合本题的题意。furnish意思是“提供”，prolong意思是“延长”，rectify意思是“纠正、校正”，这三个词放入句中，句子意思讲不通。
62、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 我在国外度假期间，我的信箱里堆满了信件。
【详细解答】根据句子的意思，这里需要填入一个表示“积累、聚集”意思的词，accumulate 正是此意。assemble表示“集合”，converge表示“会合、聚集”，crowd表示“群集、拥挤”。
63、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 如果我们按下这个按钮，我们就能够改变机器的运动方向。
【详细解答】reverse的意思正是“颠倒、倒转”，放入句中，句子通顺。hamper（阻碍）、confuse（混淆、使糊涂）、perplex（使困惑、使费解）放入句中，意思讲不通。
64、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 他对自己的工作太投入，每天工作时间很长，忽视了自己的孩子。
【详细解答】neglect意为“忽视、忽略”，符合本题的要求。omit的意思是“遗漏、疏忽”，discard的意思是“丢弃、抛弃”。miss 的意思是“漏掉、省略”，后可以跟介词out连用。
65、 答 案 b。
【参考译文】 汤姆看起来不像是中年人，那就更不用说像老年人了。
【详细解答】let alone这个词组的意思是“更不用说”，但是其他三个词组less like（可能性很小），much worse（更加糟糕）和 all else（其他一切）都没有这个意思。
66、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 信息传输的方式发生了根本性的变化。
【详细解答】dramatically（引人注目的、戏剧性的）强调行为发生的突然性。startlingly（惊人的）注重某事因不同一般而令人惊奇。enormously（巨大的、极大的）通常用于修饰程度、规模的庞大。uniquely（独特的、独一无二的）用于表示事物的独特性。
67、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 这些信息我的确需要存档。
【详细解答】keep something on file是固定搭配，表示“存档、归档”的意思。 sequent的意思是“顺序”，segment的意思是“部分、片段”。pile的意思是“堆”，通常情况下用语a pile of结构中。
68、 答 案 c。
【参考译文】 自第二次世界大战以来，这是最令人震惊的经济改革之一。
【详细解答】根据题目的意思，空格之处应该填入一个表示“改造、改革”之意的词，transformation正好具有此意。transmission（传递、传送）、transaction（业务）和transition（过渡、转变）这三个词虽然在词形上非常相似，但是在意思上却是大相径庭。
69、 答 案 a。
【参考译文】 我们部门的人际关系说明了下面这样一个事实：不同民族和文化的人是可以和睦共处的。
【详细解答】demonstration除了作“示威”的意思解释之外，还有“说明、表现”之意。manifestation是“显示、显露”的意思。implementation是“履行、实施”的意思。expedition是“远征、探险、考查”的意思，这三个词放入句中，句子的意思都无法讲通。
70、 答 案 d。
【参考译文】 该公司正设法进一步打入市场。
【详细解答】penetration的意思是“渗透、进入”，正符合题目要求，句子意思通顺。 circulation（传播、发行）、manipulation（操纵、控制）和reproduction（复制、繁殖）虽然后缀都一样，但是词义相差甚大，放入句中，意思讲不通。
part ⅳ
s1. 答 案 criticism.
s2. 答 案 because it is a kind of demand that we change.
s3. 答 案 self-improvement and self-perfect.
s4. 答 案 free from discrediting others.
s5. 答 案 be harmful to.
六级考试模拟卷篇二
六级考试模拟卷篇三
写作：
directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic it pays to be honest. you should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in chinese.
1、 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2、 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实
参考范文
it pays to be honest
although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. for example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
dishonest people are short-sighted. those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. as a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. by contrast, honest people gain a lot.
those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends.
because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them, besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. so we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. in a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. so it is important that we should be honest.
阅读理解
it being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information? just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new criminal justice bill.
if this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. more young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. the introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need; the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, “i can’t think of a better way to do it,” says the writer of this report.
the cambridge institute of criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency: a low income family a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child. not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile delinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole.
three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law.
among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children.
the role of the schools emerges as extremely important. the most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. if the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers.
ing to the author, delinquency should be tackled ___.
adolescence
institutional treatment
adolescence
the problem becomes acute
number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of ___.
legal measures
residential care
periods of harsh punishment
ation of their backgrounds
is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers?
become more violent
receive useful training
y become used to institutions
y turn against society
-year-old children likely to become offenders are usually___.
children from small families.
children in a poor family.
children with many brothers and sisters.
en whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly.
writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by ___.
ng more time at school
encouragement at school
activities outside school
er treatment from teachers
答案：addcb
the word religion is derived from the latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. in modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. at one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of god, or the path of enlightenment. at the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
by defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. it is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. for example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.
in buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a buddha. in many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.
religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. it is a part of inspanidual life but also of group dynamics. religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. it is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. in some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.
is the passage mainly concerned about?
on has a variety of interpretation.
on is a reflection of ignorance.
on is not only confined to the christian categories.
on includes all kinds of activities.
does the word “observance” probably convey in para. 1?
ng
mity
ence
ing to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?
tic observance
ual practice
dual observance of tradition
d.a complex of activities
of the following is not true?
is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.
b.“the path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.
ing to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.
author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”。
of the following is religion according to the passage?
mance of human beings.
, monotheism and some tribal tradition.
ce separated from culture.
the above.
答案：acbdb
you stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. what you now see appears to drift upward.
these optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpreting what must be happening—that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion.
the sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. these are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.
color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones. under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.
rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve. we see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. in movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.
like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. when day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet t.s. eliot called “the violet hour.” a light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the garden’s blue flowers.
however, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset, and you’ll still see it in its “true” color—white, not red. our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. they therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.
the eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of color. each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.
yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina, about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. as the renaissance inventor and artist leonardo da vinci wrote in wonder, “who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”
illusions often take place when the image of reality is ___.
d to six to seven million structures called cones.
ed in the body’s sensors of both rods and cones.
reted in the brain as what must be the case.
ed by about 120 million rods in the eye.
visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called ___.
vision
um
retina send pulses to the brain ___.
short wavelengths
color pictures
a ganglion cell
the optic nerve.
-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because ___.
image we see usually stays longer than it actually appears.
see an object in comparison with its surroundings.
eyes catch million pieces of information continuously.
and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second.
author’s purpose in writing the passage lies in ___.
g that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyes.
ing us about the different functions of the eye organs.
ting that we are too slow in thestudyof eyes.
ing at the great work done by the retina.
答案：cadab
art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. this is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. such could be said of the sandpaintings of the navaho indians of the american southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.
according to navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in come way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. to counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.
during the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the navaho hogan. on the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. in this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. how people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. in the united states it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. this helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, inspanidualism, in high esteem. parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. american english expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." in the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet"。
many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.
21、 according to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.
a) is a sign of their customs
b) is an indication of their level of knowledge
c) symbolizes their social system
d) varies from culture to culture
22、 the expression, "to cut the cord"， is used to show that _____.
a) children dont like their parents
b) parents dont feel close to their children
c) parents would not like to live together with their children
d) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in usa
23、 children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.
a) are caught in their mothers aprons
b) must always wear an apron when they eat
c) are very dependent on their mothers
d) are independent from their parents
24、 american people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.
a) children have to earn money to help the family
b) they need more money
c) they want them to begin establishing autonomy
d) children have to save money for future use
25、 it can be inferred from this passage that _____.
a) americans are money lovers
b) americans admire independence
c) americans are good at decision-making
d) americans are all responsible
questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light"。
the united states army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. so his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. the fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.
experiments led to the army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. the men following can then see something. their gaze is arrested. their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. by focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. in this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
26、 to prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.
a) indispensable
b) useful
c) ineffective
d) available
27、 when the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.
a) clear the vision
b) remedy snowblindness
c) ease the irritation
d) loosen the muscles
28、 snowblindness may be avoided by _____.
a) concentrating on the solid white terrain
b) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
c) providing the eyes with something to focus on
d) covering the eyeballs with fluid
29、 the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.
a) tears cover the eyeballs
b) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlight
c) the eyes are irritated by blinding snow
d) there is nothing to focus on
30、 a suitable title for the passage would be _____.
a) snowblindness and how to overcome it
b) natures cure for snowblindness
c) soldiers in the snow
d) snow vision
questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
until the 1980s, the american homeless population comprised mainly older males. today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. in fact, a 25-city survey by the u.s. conference of mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems-both legal and educational-for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.
estimates of the number of homeless americans range from 350,000 to three million. likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. a u.s. department of education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. but the national coalition for the homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.
one part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the "throwaway" youths who have been cast off their homes. the elementary school center in new york city estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.
federal law, the stewart mckinney homeless assistance act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. the educational provisions of the mckinney act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
31、 in 1987, the american homeless population was made up of _____.
a) older males b) school children
c) adults d) both a and b
32、 the author implies in the first paragraph that _____.
a) the homeless population is growing rapidly
b) there is serious shortage of school administrators and teachers
c) homeless children often move from place to place
d) homeless children usually stay outside schools
33、 the national coalition for the homeless estimates that there are _____ homeless children.
a) 7000,000 b) 350,000
c) 440,000 d) 70,000
34、 one part of the homeless population is difficult to count. the reason might be that _____.
a) homeless children live on the streets
b) homeless children have no parents
c) the homeless are too young to be counted as children
d) the homeless children are not taken as members of their families
35、 the aim of the mckinney act is to _____.
a) offer education for homeless children
b) provide family shelters for homeless children
c) reduce the number of homeless children
d) estimate the number of homeless population
questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
if women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. when you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe（衣柜） packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.
no one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability（耐用）。 they are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. there can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
when comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? that is for you to decide.
36、 designers and big stores always make money 。
a) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
b) because they are capable of predicting new fashions
c) by constantly changing the fashions in womens clothing
d) because they attach great importance to quality in womens clothing
37、 to the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as 。
a) a waste of money b) a waste of time
c) an expression of taste d) an expression of creativity
38、 the writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing.
a) cost b) appearance
c) comfort d) suitability
39、 according to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
a) new fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
b) the constant changes in womens clothing reflect their strength of character.
c) the fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
d) fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.
40、 by saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (lines 1-2, para. 4) the writer means that 。
a) womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
b) women are better able to put up with discomfort
c) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
d) men are more stable and reliable in character
参考答案：21. adccb 26. cccda 31. dbcda 36. cbcad
