最新定语从句的关系词及其用法优质

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定语从句的关系词及其用法篇一

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关系词是定语从句的核心。同学们往往容易在关系词的选择上出错,下面是小编收集整理的定语从句的关系,希望对您有所帮助!如果你觉得不错的话,欢迎分享!

只用that不用which的情况

先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。如:i refuse to accept the blame for something that was his fault.

先行词被the only,any,few,no,very等修饰时。如:australia is the only country that is also a continent.

先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词,或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。如:this is the most interesting film that i’ve ever seen.

先行词人、物并用时。如:do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如:which is the bike that you lost?

先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如:shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.

只用which不用that的情况

关系代词前有介词时。如:is this the house in which shakespeare was born?

引導非限制性定语从句时。如:as a child, jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.

先行词为that/those时。如:what’s that which was put in the car?

which用作定语时。如:he may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

the same ... as ... 与the same ... that ...

the same ... as表示相似或同类的东西,the same ... that表示同一人或物。如:

this is the same book as he lent me last week.

this is the same book that he lent me last week.

such/so ... as与such/so ... that

such/so ... as (定语从句)像……那样

such/so ... that (状语从句)如此……以至于

this is such an easy question as i can answer.

this is such an easy question that i can answer it.

as与which

as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。

as意为“正如……”,后面的'谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。

he is a very successful man, as is known to all.

the meeting was put off, which astonished us.

用who和whom的情况

先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,且指代人时。如:

the persons i want to talk about with you are faye wong and li yapeng, the ones who signed a spanorce agreement on friday in urumqi.

在there be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。如:there’s a gentleman who wants to see you.

一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。如:the student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

当关系代词前面有介词,只能用whom。whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前以构成“介词+whom(先行词指人)”结构。如:the settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.

whose的用法

关系代词whose一般指人,表示“该人的”,也可指物,表示“该物的”,在以物为先行词时,可用of which代替在从句中作定语。如:the prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.

注意:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如:

tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.

tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.

when的用法

先行词为“时间名词”,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。如:the days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

where的用法

先行词是“地点名词”,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。如:a bank is the place where(=in which) they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

定語从句如果修饰point,situation,part,condition和 case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况下”。如:you reach a point where medicine can’t help.

why的用法

先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在其中作原因状语,可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型,即the reason why ... is/was that ...,意为“……的原因是……”。如:the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.

在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析定语从句所缺的成分。若从句缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系代词;若从句不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系副词。

this is the mountain village that/which i visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语)

i will never forget the day when my father returned from america. (关系词在从句中作状语)

先行词是表示方法、方式的way,后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导,也可以省略关系词。如果后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,要用that或which引导,也可以省略关系词。如:

i don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother.

例1 (2015·湖南卷) it is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

a. as b. where c. that d. which

解析 d。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词place在定语从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首,故选用which。句意:这真是一个令人愉快的地方,这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的村舍一定和一百年前看起来一模一样。

例2 (2015·北京卷) opposite is st. paul’s church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.

a. which b. that c. when d. where

解析 d。这是一个定语从句。先行词是st. paul’s church,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出引导词在从句中作地点状语,用where。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。

点拨 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。做题之前先看句中有没有逗号,逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成分,在定语从句中从句主语和宾语都不缺少时,应该考虑关系副词。

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