风景如画范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇一
科学概念：
1、垃圾中的一些原材料可以重新回收利用，这样可以减少垃圾、节约资源。
2、垃圾分类、分装便于垃圾回收利用和对一些有毒垃圾的处理。
3、堆肥法可以有效减少垃圾并形成肥料。
过程与方法：
1、调查当地废品回收情况。
2、进行垃圾的分类分装，参与回收利用的活动。
3、开展做堆肥的活动。
情感态度价值观：
1、培养强烈的资源意识和环保意识。
2、养成垃圾分类、节约资源的习惯。
正确区分可回收与不可回收垃圾，并学会分类、分装的有效回收方法。
正确区分可回收与不可回收的材料，正确处理有毒垃圾。
将教材中的调查活动安排在课前来完成，并只安排小部分同学去做，有三个方面的原因：一是如果学生在课上对这部分内容已经有比较多的认识，会削减课后再去实践调查的积极性；二是课上将课文的这部分知识内容让孩子们身边自己的伙伴来讲，比老师的说教要生动，也更具说服力。三是社会调查这样的实践活动需要走出校门，在行动和安全方面有一定的局限性，所以只安排了小部分同学去做；四、这样的活动确实很能锻炼学生的能力，能在班级中起到很好的示范和激励作用。）
1、有回收标志的不同品种的塑料瓶，如聚醋塑料饮料瓶、高密度聚乙烯塑料酱油瓶其他可回收的不同材料的物品。
2、回收垃圾的有关图片。
3、教师在校园一角选定安放堆肥箱的场地，并放置好空堆肥箱。
1、开展一次小范围的调查活动：布置一小队同学（4～6人）调查附近的的废品回收站或询问废品回收工作者，他们回收些什么？这些物品回收后有什么用处？
指导时应注意：要求调查组同学调查前设计好采访的问题（除了教材中提到的两个问题之外，还可自行设计一些感兴趣的问题），并要求在采访时做好记录，为在班级汇报做准备，最好老师也能和调查组同学一起参与调查活动，有条件的情况下拍几张调查现场的照片或摄一段采访的录像。这样能确实汇报活动更生动，更具说服力。
2、指名让三两个学生上网查阅关于“有毒垃圾”的信息，并做好汇报准备。
一、导入新课
上节课， 我们已经发现生活中一些看似可以废弃了的物品进行创意设计后，马上就能变废为宝，或为我们解决生活中的实际问题或为我们的生活增添几分情趣，切切实实地减少了垃圾的产生。
更多的情况下，有一些物品我们明知道它们进行处理和再次加工后仍可再利用，却苦于手上没有掌握一些必要的设备和技术，不得不将他们废弃。你们知道老师说的是哪一类物品吗？ （说明：提到“必要的设备和技术”，宗在让孩子们逐步认识到许多事情得有科学技术的支撑才能实现。）
学生思考、汇报。
二、识别可回收利用的垃圾
谈话：生活中有许多废弃物通过回收，是完全可以重新加工利用的。比如：金属、塑料等。生活中，你还知道有哪些垃圾可以回收利用？怎样回收利用它们呢？
学生交流、汇报
1、垃圾回收调查小组的汇报
课前，老师派一小队同学做了一次调查活动，让他们调查废品回收站或询问废品回收工作者，他们都回收些什么？这些物品回收后有什么用处？让我们一起来听听调查小组同学的汇报吧！
调查小队的汇报。
师生共同评价调查活动的开展情况
（注意，调查小组汇报前一定要让其他同学充分地思考并交流。这样自己先动脑参与了，再学习、倾听才会更有收效。）
2、了解回收利用垃圾的方法及好处
示教材76页插图，让学生进一步了解塑料、金属、玻璃、金属回收利用的方法和好处。 归纳小结：生活中可以回收利用的垃圾很多，包括纸、金属、塑料、玻璃等。回收垃圾中的废旧材料再加以利用，可以节约资源、节约能源、节约成本、减少垃圾、减少污染，是有百利而无一害的好事。
3、家庭垃圾中可回收材料的识别
提问：在家庭垃圾中，你发现都包含了哪些可以被回收利用的材料呢？
学生分组讨论并完成76页的表格，结合家庭生活经验，进一步识别哪些材料属可回收垃圾。 各组派代表交流。（注意提醒学生相同的答案不要重复，学生汇报时，老师应板书关键词，使学生对可回收材料有较清晰的总体印象。）
三、垃圾的分类和分装
1、垃圾有效回收的探讨
提问：
（1）平时，我们家庭垃圾中的一些可回收材料是否都得到了有效的回收和再加工利用呢？为什么？
（2）你认为垃圾应该处理才便于有效回收？
学生思考、讨论，汇报
归纳：垃圾的回收利用，需要把其中可利用的材料区分和集中起来。要有效地回收，必须改变垃圾混装的旧习惯，对生活垃圾进行分类和分装。
2、垃圾的分类
提问：你们家的垃圾分装了吗？有没有存放废纸、玻璃、金属和塑料的地方?
大家认为可以把垃圾大致分为几类来分装？每一类包含的是哪些垃圾？
学生思考汇报。
出示垃圾分类表格（见教材77页），向学生做简单介绍，使之进一步明确科学处理垃圾过程中的垃圾分类方法。
谈话：垃圾分类、分装还便
于对有毒垃圾的处理。大家知道生活中有哪些有毒垃圾吗？ 学生汇报
3、资料查阅组同学汇报：有毒垃圾的相关信息
补充、归纳：废电池、废日光灯管、废水银温度计、部分医疗垃圾及目前市场上大多数的充值卡（手机卡、上网卡、电话卡等）等都是有毒垃圾，处理不当将会直接危害到人体健康。
四、做一个堆肥箱
谈话：说到家庭垃圾，有心的同学一定注意到了家庭垃圾中约有1／3是食物废料，大家知道吗？它们利用得好，可是宝贝噢！
今天，我们就一起来学做一个利用食物废料等垃圾做成的宝贝——堆肥箱（板书：堆肥箱） 请同学们打开书78页，自学堆肥箱的制作方法。
带学生到生物园建堆肥箱
总结：垃圾分类、分装并不难！只要我们人人参与，养成良好的习惯，我们周围的环境一定会变得更加清洁和美丽。
布置作业：
利用身边的简易材料为班级、学校或社区设计分类垃圾箱，要求制作适当图片贴在回收箱上。下节课我们将进行小组作品的评比，并落实回收箱放的地方，谁去管理，怎么管理及回收后怎么办。
板书设计： 4、 分类和回收利用
可回收利用的垃圾： 塑料、玻璃、金属、橡胶……
不可回收利用的垃圾 ：……
垃圾
厨余垃圾
有毒垃圾
垃圾分类、分装，有效回收利用。
做一个堆肥箱
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二
1、能综合运用所学的知识，进行创新设计，会查查阅书刊及其他信息源；能对分类后的结果进行分析、解释。
2、通过设计房屋的活动进行大胆想象；意识到使用材料会给人类带来好处，也可能产生负面的影响。
3、能区分常见的天然材料与人造材料；能根据材料的不同对人类进行分类。
查阅资料：材料的使用对我们的生活有哪些影响？
观察：社会中的物品各是用什么材料制成的？
查阅资料：了解关于材料的知识。
活动时间：一课时
提出问题：谁来说一说，我们都学过了哪些材料？
讲：我们学习了这么多的材料，在生活中你能给材料分类吗？这节课我们就来学习这方面的知识。
活动一：生活中的物品是用什么材料做的
1、学生互相交流自己带来了哪些物品？是用什么材料做的？材料来自于哪里？
学生讲，老师适当地进行纠正。
2、学生进行分析、讨论：
自带的物品及所用的材料是天然材料还是人造材料？
3、学生汇报分析、讨论结果。
小结：同学们通过分析、对比，能区分自带的物品什么是人造材料和天然材料。
介绍材料：p58
活动二：学生进行分类活动
1、学生分组将自带的物品合在一起。
2、学生进行简单的分类。
3、提出分类标准：按材料的不同的物体进行分类。
（1）是否是天然材料；将由人造材料制成的物品分为另一类。
（2）是否是再生材料；将不可再生材料制成的物品分为另一类。
启发学生还可以用你自己想的办法分。
4、学生汇报分类结果，并说出分类的理由。
引导学生对他们的分类活动进行评价。
活动三：设计一间自己喜欢的房间
1、提出活动建议
2活动三：
1、提出活动建议
设计一间自己喜欢房子、自己喜欢的车或其他物品，可以根据自己的想象进行创新设计。设计中说出各部分应该用什么材料，为什么？
设计时，同学们可以互相交流、互相借鉴、互相提示，提倡合作。
2、学生进行创新设计
3、学生展示自己的作品
说一说：各部分用的是什么材料，说明使用本材料的理由。
教师及时给予评价。
教师展示利用废旧材料制成的物品，然后让学生利用所带来的废旧材料开展一些制作活动。（在课下制作）
查阅资料“材料的使用对我们的生活有哪些影响？”
第五单元夏天来了
本单元由《夏天里的动植物》和《夏季星空》两课组成，主要让学生通过长期的观察活动，了解四季变化对动植物的影响，知道环境对生物生长、生活习性等多方面的影响，知道夏季的代表星座，初步发现星空变化的规律，让学生参与中长期科学探究活动，经历科学探究的过程。
本单元的两课之间从知识上没有必然的联系，但在观察方法上却具有共同之处。首先都是进行长期观察活动的阶段终结，担负着一年来对四季动植物、星空观察、探究活动进行整理、汇总的任务，因此如何科学地、系统地对获得的数据、信息加以整理，从而获得结论和规律就成为本单元两节课的重点。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇三
1、结合实际生活体验分类的意义，学生能够通过动手操作学会分类的方法。
2、学生体会通过实践活动感知不同的标准下，分类的结果也不同。
3、学生在操作中提高对比、分析的能力。
4、学生平时要多帮爸爸妈妈做一些力所能及的家务劳动。
1、基础性学习包 （1）根据特定标准进行分类（2）知道分类的标准（3）比较大小（4）我学会了吗？丰收园
思维导图
2、开发性学习包
水果和蔬菜的区别：
1）、水果生长在树上，生长期长；蔬菜一本只有一到两年的生长期……
2）、凡生长期无花的叫蔬菜，凡生长期开花的叫水果。
（
2
）南方水果
南方水果：
3、拓展性学习包
体验活动：
（1）整理自己的书包，说一说是如何整理的
按学科： 语文书 语文本
数学书 数学本
音乐书
品德书
按功能：
教科书一类
练习本一类
工具书一类
（2）帮妈妈整理衣服
按季节分类整理；按颜色分类整理；按上衣和裤子分类整理……
1、学科单元内整合：本单元的第一课时在帮妈妈整理衣服，放入衣橱的时候与第二课时比较大小进行整合，了节分类与比较的相辅相成。
2、学科间整合：把传统文化课中的《饮食文化》与本节课整合，了解一些水果、蔬菜的营养。与品德与社会课程整合，渗透孝敬父父母，帮妈妈做家务的良好品德。
3、体验式活动：整理自己的桌洞、书包。
4、课时安排：本单元学习共安排3课时。
学习内容：第二单元“帮妈妈整理衣服”——分类
学习目标：
2、学生体会通过实践活动感知不同的标准下，分类的结果也不同。在操作中提高学生对比、分析的能力。
3、学生平时应多帮爸爸妈妈做一些力所能及的家务劳动。
教学准备： “挂图，学具盒。
教学过程：
一、整理观察，体会生活的需要——按标准分类。
师：“同学们，前几天老师让同学们回家帮妈妈整理衣服，并观察你们家里的衣服是怎样摆放的。你们做了吗？（生：做了）你们能帮妈妈干活，真是些好孩子，现在让我们想一想，通过整理和观察，你都发现了什么？”（给学生一定的时间独立思考。） 学生同位交流自己的发现。
师：“现在，谁想把你的发现声音响亮的告诉全班同学？”
生：“我发现我们家的衣服叠得很整齐，我爸爸的放在一个橱里，妈妈的放在一个橱里，我的放在一个橱里。”
师：“这是把每个人的衣服分别放在一起。”
生：“我发现我们家的衣服是上衣放在一起，裤子放在一起。”
师：“也就是说上衣、下衣分开来放。”
生：“我发现我们家的衣服是冬天的放在一起，夏天的放在一起。”
师：“你们家的衣服是按不同的季节分开来放。”
教师根据学生的发言随机板书： 爸爸 妈妈 我 上衣 裤子 冬季 夏季
师：“同学们观察的真仔细，说得也棒极了。看来你们的妈妈都是按生活需要把衣服分开来放的。（指着板书）其实这些都是你们家分衣服的标准，而你的妈妈把衣服按照一定的标准分开来放的做法，就叫做分类。”（揭示课题）
二、尝试分类，体会标准不同，分类的结果也不同。
师：“同学们，我们刚才说了你们小家里的衣服是怎么分类的，现在我们来给我们班集体这个大家分分类，好吗？”“你打算怎样给全班同学分类呢？”（学生独立思考）
师：“谁愿意把自己的想法告诉大家？”
生：“我想按照男同学女同学来分” （师板书：男 女）
师：“现在我们就按这个同学的想法来分分看。注意：请男同学站起来。现在，全班同学被分成了两类，站着的是男同学，坐着的是女同学。请坐下。”“谁还有不同的分类方法？”
生：“按东西路队来分。”
（师板书：东路队 西路队）
师：“现在我们再来按这个同学的想法分分看。注意：请东路队的同学站起来。现在，全班同学又被分成了两类，站着的是东路队的同学，坐着的是西路队的同学。”
师：“请同学们仔细观察一下，两次站起来的人是同一批人吗？（不是）怎么会出现这样的情况呢？”（给学生一定的独立思考的时间，体会标准不同，分类的结果就不同）
生：“因为两次站的标准不一样，所以站起来的不是同一批人。”
师：“说得太好了。你还有不同的分法吗？”（鼓励学生说出自己的想法师板书）
生：“按长头发和短头发来分”
生：“按穿校服的和没穿校服的来分”
三、联系生活，体会分类的好处
师：“同学们刚才想出了那么多种分法来分咱班的同学，现在我想请教同学们，在我们的实际生活中，哪些地方用到了分类呢？” （学生独立思考，也可以同位商量）
教师可这样引导：哪里用到分类——具体是怎么分的——这样分有什么好处？ 同时要学生说一说，自己是怎样想的？
（超市里水果蔬菜的分类；自己的书包里面的物品分类整理）
四、自主练习，应用分类，明确为什么这样分。
1、自主练习第一题： 师：“看到刚才同学们学得这么好，有一群小动物也忍不住过来听课了，它们到哪去了呢？
原来它们藏在你的数学书第21页上了，看谁能最快找到它们？” “请同学们看书，都有哪些小动物来听课了？”（学生看图说一说）
教师读要求：哪些是鸟类？用圆圈圈出来。 学生独立做。
集体订正时，让学生说一说鸟类和昆虫的区别。
2、自主练习第二题：
教师创设情境，引导学生观察情境图，让学生说一说自己是怎样想的？
3、自主练习第三题
师：“同学们，你们去沙滩玩过吗？你们是怎么去的？（坐汽车去的）除了汽车，你还知道哪些交通工具？”学生回答。
师：“同学们知道的可真多，在我们的学具盒里也有一些交通工具，请你把它们拿出来。你能给这些交通工具分分类吗？”
学生动手操作，分完后说一说自己是怎么分的，为什么这样分。
今天这节课你学会了什么？
注：通过创设学生熟悉的情境，让学生明白数学来源于生活，数学跟生活有密切的关系，分类在生活中有较多应用，衣服分类，交通工具分类，学生分类，超市里的物品分类……联系生活中的这些分类之后，学生学得更有趣，更愿意学数学。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇四
根据幼儿年龄特点及发展水平，本次活动的立意旨在要求孩子从自身做起，从日常生活点滴小事做起，并在潜移默化中领悟到保护环境的重要性，进而将环保意识提升为一种生活习惯，特制定以下活动方案。
活动目标
1.认识其危害，并能区分可回收、不可回收及有害垃圾。
2.养成不乱丢垃圾的好习惯，建立初步的环保意识。
3.引导幼儿愿意为维护环境卫生做一些力所能及的事。
活动准备
1.电脑课件(录像内容：美丽干净的办公楼。又脏有乱的小区)
2.布置干净的白色玩具区域和脏乱的兰色玩具区域。
3.事先准备收集一些废旧品材料。(各类实物垃圾，如旧报纸、果皮、废纸盒、矿泉水瓶、清洁精瓶、衣拉罐、废电池等。)
4.准备可回收和不可回收垃圾箱各一个。
活动过程实录
播放录像(录像内容：美丽干净的办公楼。又脏有乱的小区)提问讨论。
小朋友们跟老师一起观看录像，老师提问一下：
1、小朋友都看到什么了?你们喜欢是哪个地方?为什么?
2、说说你知道的垃圾有哪些?
3、如果到处都是垃圾，我们的环境会变成什么样?
4、我们应该怎样保护我们的环境呢?垃圾应该怎样处理呢?
小朋友们跟老师一起参观玩具区域，好好观察，看看哪个小朋友观察的好?
1.教师带幼儿参观玩具区域，引导幼儿观察、比较环境，启发幼儿说说自己的感受--你喜欢哪个区域?为什么喜欢这个区域?
2.请幼儿思考后，用贴笑脸红苹果的形式评选出“干净区域”。
3.引导幼儿互相讨论：为什么你们不选兰色玩具区域?如果你住在那里会有什么感觉?为什么?
4.教师小结：兰色区域满地垃圾，又脏又臭，大家都不喜欢。而白色区域整洁有序，受人欢迎。激发幼儿收拾垃圾的欲望。
5.教师介绍垃圾箱，让幼儿整理垃圾，放入垃圾箱。教师观察幼儿分类情况，在操作中引导帮助幼儿正确的分类。
6.给幼儿说明什么叫可回收、不可回收的物品。
可回收的垃圾有废纸、塑料、玻璃、金属、布料等等
不可回收的垃圾有烟头、果皮、菜叶、鸡毛、煤渣、建筑垃圾、油漆颜料、食品残留物等等。
教师说出某一垃圾的名称，如果是可以回收利用的，幼儿就做形似“0”的动作;如果是不可以回收利用的，就做形似“x”的动作。
1.组织幼儿戴上手套清理兰色区域的垃圾，并进行分类。
2.引导幼儿欣赏变得干净美丽的“玩具区域”，并告诉幼儿垃圾一定把垃圾扔到垃圾桶里。
活动延伸：
1.将垃圾分装桶放在活动室的一角，督促幼儿在日常生活中学习分类处理垃圾。
2.向家长宣传“垃圾分类”的意义，并付诸实践。
1、幼儿在活动中能够始终以饱满的热情积极主动地投入探索之中，能够注意力集中地倾听老师及其他幼儿的讲解和回答;并能积极的发表自己的看法。
2、绝大多数幼儿通过探索活动了解了回收和不可回收的物品，培养了幼儿认真观察、归纳概括的能力;活动延伸将教育从课内拓展到课外，也要求一定的家园配合，激发幼儿初步的了解。
幼儿参与积极，本班幼儿的水平和个别差异应该有更深的了解。利用幼儿熟悉的玩具区域引导活动，吸引幼儿的注意力，在活动过程中有效的调动和保持幼儿探索的积极性、主动性;在活动中能适度的给幼儿以帮助并针对幼儿的个别差异进行指导。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇五
1、引导学生观察商场实物的摆放情况，初步感知分类的意义，通过操作学会分类的方法。
2、通过分一分、看一看，培养学生的操作能力、观察能力、判断能力、语言表达能力。
3、培养学生合作交流的意识。
4、让学生体会到生活中处处有数学，学会用学到的知识解决生活中的实际问题。
教学内容：教科书第38页的内容。
教具、学具准备：电脑、投影仪、图片、铅笔、纸货架。
从生活中引入分类，初步理解分类的意义
师：同学们都去过超市吧！
你们在超市里都看见什么了？
那么这些物品是怎样摆放的？
说明同学们观察得非常仔细。要想把物品摆放整齐，就要像同学们说的那样一类一类（分类）摆放，这节课我们就来学习分类。（板书课题）
那么，这样分类摆放有什么好处？
初步学习分类
师：老师这儿有一个马大哈超市，你们想去看看吗？这样摆好不好？怎么不好？
那么咱们来帮他整理整理，这个超市的左边是一个冰柜，这是冰柜上的广告画，右边是一个货架。
谁来整理一下？（学生对货架上的物品进行整理）
为什么把乒乓球拍和羽毛球拍摆在一起？（强调同一类的物品放在一起）
通过同学们的帮助，货架上的物品摆放得既整齐又美观。
动手操作，巩固分类方法
如果让你当一名超市里的售货员，你打算怎样摆放货架上的物品？
1、小组创作将物品分类。
下面咱们亲自动手摆一摆。
你们要摆放的物品都在纸盒里，先把所有的物品倒出来，分一分，看哪些物品放在一起比较合适，再摆一摆，看摆在哪一层比较合适，确定后再贴一贴。每个物品的背面有一个双面胶，把上面的小白纸撕下来，就可以贴在这个纸货架上了。
下面4个人一组，看哪组合作得最愉快。
2、学生汇报。
师：有哪个组愿意展示一下你们组货架摆放的情况。
还有哪个组？（学生介绍小组分类的情况）
还有这么多的组愿意展示，下面咱们请各组长拿着自己组的货架到前面来展示。
3、小结：我们参观了超市，又自己亲自动手摆了摆，知道了商店中物品的摆放可以分为蔬菜类、水果类、服装类、文具类、鲜花类等。这样摆放既方便了顾客的购买，又减少了混乱，提高了效率。分类这种做法在以后的数学课上也经常出现，所以说它是重要的数学思想。
4、联系生活，巩固分类的意义。
师：那么在我们日常生活中，在你的家里有没有分类摆放的情况呢？
可见生活中处处有数学，那么我们一定要认真地学好数学，用我们学到的知识来解决生活中的实际问题。
5、练习六的第1、3题。
扩展思路初步尝试不同标准分类
1、尝试。
刚才我们都是把不同的物品进行分类，现在看你们每个桌子上都有一把铅笔，都是铅笔，看看你们能不能把这把铅笔再分一分。（同桌讨论）
2、汇报。
3、小结：同学们真了不起，刚才把许多不同的物品进行了分类，现在又把一种物品进行了分类，而且有这么多种分法，说明分类的标准是不同的，有的按形状分，有的按花色分，有的按有橡皮头和没橡皮头的分，有的按削过和没削过的分。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇六
教材第41页的内容和练习五的有关习题。
1.使学生认识、理解直角、锐角、钝角、平角和周角的概念，知道它们之间的关系，并能按一定标准分类。
2. 培养学生动手操作、合作学习与探究学习能力。发展学生的空间观念。
重点：依据角的度数区分各种角。
难点：平角、周角的认识及三种特殊角之间的关系。
教法：直观演示法、自主探究法、小组合作法。
学法：实践操作法。
教具：多媒体课件一套。
学具：活动角、量角器、长方形纸和圆形纸各一张等。
一、创设情境、导入新课：
同学们，你们喜欢猜谜语吗？那我就出个谜语，大家猜猜看是什么？请听好“有风不动无风动，不动无风动有风”。打一生活用品。（扇子）
真棒，老师也给大家带来了一把扇子。一边出示扇子，一边演示折扇的打开过程。让学生观察。
问：你发现了什么？（有大小不同的角）
师：折扇的扇柄相当于角的两条边，角的两条边叉开的大小不同，所以角就有大小之分。今天我们就来探究角的分类。 (板书课题)
二、探究新知：
（一）、认识锐角、直角、钝角、平角。
1、师：请同学们取出活动角，大家用活动角转出一个你认识的角，并说说你转出的是什么角？（学生动手操作）
2、师：你转出的是什么角？你认为什么样的角可以称它为锐角？直角？钝角？（师同时板书）
3、归纳整理。
直角是90°，小于90°的角叫做锐角，大于90°而小于180°的角叫做钝角。
4、认识平角。
生：我转出的角是平角。
师：我们以前已经认识了锐角、直角、钝角，而平角正是我们今天要认识的角家族的新成员，某某同学说说你是怎么认识平角呢？
生：我通过预习知道的。（我妈告诉我的）……
师：那你能不能演示一下你刚才是怎么转出平角吗
生演示。
师：真厉害！请大家看课件演示平角的形成。
师：平角也是由一个顶点，两条边组成的。当角的两条边成一条直线时，这样的角就叫做平角。
全班齐读。
师：同桌之间试边说边转出平角。（利用自己备好的活动角）
4、归纳整理。
（二）、认识周角。
师：刚才我们已经认识了锐角、钝角、直角、平角，现在我们来做个游戏一起轻松一下。
1、老师说出一种角，你们用活动角转出这种角，比一比看谁做的又对又快。开始！
2、老师转动活动角，你们说出是什么角。开始！（当活动角转动一周两条边重合时）
问：这是角吗？（可能部分学生知道是周角）
3、课件演示周角的形成过程：
（这是一条射线绕端点旋转一周组成的图形，叫做周角
4、介绍周角各部分的名称。
5、你还在哪儿见到过这样的角？
学生可能回答：
①折扇。（提供教具让学生看）
②活动门。（大型百货商店、大酒店会看到的一种转动大门）
（三）、探索三种角的关系
1、师：周角、平角之间有什么关系？平角和直角呢？这三种角之间又有什么关系呢？
师：请同学们取出课前准备的圆形纸片，用你的圆形的纸片对折两次，然后依次打开，看看你能从中发现周角、平角、直角的关系吗？
（四人一组讨论，派代表汇报结果，师同时板书。）
一周角=2平角 一平角=2直角 一周角=2平角=4直角
练习：课本42页下面的“做一做”。
师：老师这里也有首顺口溜，让大家灵活地记着这5种角的关系，齐读：“一周二平四直角，关系密切不得了。钝角介于直平间，锐角不大比直小。”
师：谁能说说是什么意思？
三、反馈练习
师：看来同学们学的很好，下面我们来进行闯关游戏。
1、第一关：
判断：
①直角总是90°。 （ ）
②锐角都小于90°。
③大于90°的角是钝角。 （ ）
④钝角都大于90°。 （ ）
⑤平角是一条直线。
⑤周角是一条射线。 （ ）
2、第二关
填空：
(1) 80°角与( )°角能拼成一个直角。
(2)一个平角与一个钝角的差，一定是( )角。
(3)一个直角与锐角的和，一定是( )角。
四、课堂小结：
通过这节课的学习，你有什么收获？
五、作业设计：
练习五的3、4题。
六、板书设计：
角的分类
锐角 钝角 周角 平角 直角
小于90° 大于90° 360°
180° 90°
而小于180°
1周角 = 2平角= 4直角
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇七
这节课是在对角的分类及三角形有了初步认识之后进行教学的。分类是一种数学思想，它是根据一定的标准对事物进行有序划分和组合的过程。三角形的分类这部分知识可以为学生进一步认识和探究三角形的其他知识奠定基础。因此，在教学设计中，教师应突出学生的主体地位，以知识迁移、动手操作、合作探究为主。
1、唤醒旧知，实现知识迁移。
数学知识的学习就是在同化、顺应中实现认知结构平衡的过程，所以，在新课伊始，我先引导学生回忆有关角的知识及角的分类，然后话锋一转引入三角形的分类。在这个过程中，学生的已有知识经验被唤醒，为下面按角给三角形分类做好了知识迁移准备。
2、动手操作，主动探究三角形的分类。
学生动手操作，把三角形按角分类：3个角都是锐角的三角形；有一个角是直角的三角形；有一个角是钝角的三角形。引导学生分别给三角形起名字，再用集合的形式加以总结归纳，然后让学生把三角形按边分类。通过测量边的长度，把三角形分为两类：等腰三角形（包括等边三角形）和不等边三角形。教学后完成部分概念题，让学生对概念有进一步的认识。这样的设计不仅突出了学生的主体地位，还使学生经历了自主探究的过程，从而获得了成功的体验。
3、练习题设计循序渐进，能力得以提升。
在巩固知识、提高能力方面，设计了由浅入深、循序渐进的巩固练习题，让学生始终在愉悦的学习氛围中巩固知识、拓展思维，使知识与技能、过程与方法、情感、态度与价值观三个目标相辅相成，融为一体，力求达到三维目标的整合。
教师准备多媒体课件
学生准备三角形学具
⊙复习导入
1、请说出下面各角分别是什么角。
2、提问：我们是怎样给角分类的？
3、引导学生回忆：什么是三角形？三角形有什么特点？（由3条线段首尾顺次连接围成的封闭图形叫做三角形。三角形有3个顶点，3条边，3个角）
设计意图：通过复习角和三角形的主要特征，唤起学生对已有知识的回忆，为探究三角形的分类作铺垫。
⊙探究新知
1、给三角形分类。
（1）课件出示用三角形拼成的帆船图案。
（2）提问：这幅图案从整体上看像什么？（帆船）仔细看，你发现了什么？（图案是由三角形拼成的）谁愿意说一说这些三角形有哪些共同的特征？（这些三角形都有3条边、3个角和3个顶点）再仔细看一看，各个三角形的形状、大小一样吗？为什么？（根据学生的回答，引导学生说出是因为角的大小、边的长短各异造成的）
（3）提问：我想把这些三角形进行分类，你觉得应该按什么标准来分呢？为什么？（引导学生说出原因）
师：这节课我们就一起来学习三角形的分类。（板书课题）
（4）出示分析表。
①
1
2
3
第1个角的度数
第2个角的度数
第3个角的度数
②
1
2
3
第一条边的长度
第二条边的长度
第三条边的长度
小学数学，三角形
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇八
人教版小学数学一年级下册27页。
1、通过具体操作，掌握分类的方法，体会分类的标准不同分类结果也不同。
2、尝试运用自己的方式把整理数据的结果记录下来，感受图表的简洁。
3、在与实际生活的联系中，体会分类的目的和作用。
学会对物体进行分类的方法。
能选择不同的标准对物体进行不同的分类。
多媒体课件、
师：同学们，春天到了，春暖花开，是适合出游的好季节。几个小朋友和他们的爸爸、妈妈一起去游玩。去游玩的路上，打算买些气球，正好在路上看到了小咕咚超市。同学们，你们认识 “小咕咚”吗？我们在什么节目里面认识的“小咕咚”呢？今天，我们就到“小咕咚”开的超市去看一看，同学们看屏幕。（课件出示：师说：小朋友们到小咕咚超市去买气球，超市里各种商品杂乱地放在柜台上，“小咕咚”东找找、西找找，忙得满头大汗。
师：看到这儿，同学们，你们有什么话要对“小咕咚”说吗？生回答。（东西摆得乱）
师：同学们提醒的太对了，“小咕咚”一定会感谢你们的，那么，是不是应该按照一定的方法把这些凌乱的货物整理好呢？使“小咕咚” 能马上找到小朋友需要的气球呢？这也就是我们今天要学习的内容——板书课题。这节课我们就和“小咕咚”一起来学习分类与整理，那我们和“小咕咚”来比一比，看谁学得好，好吗？
1、描述感知分类的标准。
师：小咕咚在他的超市里终于找到了气球。我们一起去看一看，他们买的什么样的气球呢？（课件出示：小朋友手里拿着漂亮的气球）。这么多漂亮的气球，你能把这些气球分分类吗？可以怎么分？
2、操作体会分类过程，尝试记录分类结果
老师给每个小组的同学都准备了跟气球一样的图片，听清老师说的要求。下面就请同学们先按照形状分一分，看看每种气球各有几个，把你分的结果用你喜欢的方法记录在你的练习本上。
3、学生汇报。
①展示先分再数的方法，师：你分了几类？每类有几个？生：圆形一类，心形一类，糖葫芦形一类。分的很好。教师贴图片板书。
②展示象形统计图的方法。
除了这种分法，还有其他的方法吗？刚才老师看到有的同学分类的时候是一推一堆放的，还有的同学和他们小组的不一样的吗？到前面学生板贴，你为什么要排成一列呢？生：整齐、清楚
师：你能看出谁最多吗？师：你怎么知道的？生：这一排最长
师：看来这一行他是来记录葫芦形状的气球，我们在下面画上一个葫芦形，表示这一行记录的项目。有一个葫芦形气球就画一个。另外两行是记录心形和圆形的气球，我们也在下面表示出来。
③展示表格记录数据的方法
师：还有不同的表示方法吗？学生汇报。
这个同学记录方式你能看明白吗？
师：心形状的气球有几个？
师：他用一个数据来表示这一列的数量。（和图对应） 3表示什么？你怎么知道的？
师：为了更加清楚整齐，我把同学们记录的画上线。
上面一行都是形状，下面一行都是个数，每一列又都表示这个形状的气球有几个，这样记录真清楚。
小结：同学们不仅能够按照形状把这些气球分为3类，而且自己设计图表把分类的结果表示出来，你们可真棒！
4、初步感受“一类”和“一个”的区别
师：如果增加一个心形的气球，这个表应该怎样改变？生回答。那如果增加一个小兔子形状的气球呢？生回答。
师：都是增加一个气球，怎么表格的改变不一样呢？
引导学生发现第一次是心形的增加一个，并没有增加种类，所以在心形那列数上加1就可以了，而第二次增加的是一个新的形状，也就是增加了一类，所以在表格上要再添一列。
我们刚刚主要是按照气球的形状进行分类的，那还可以怎样分呢？生回答。
5、小结：以上我们是按照物体的形状、颜色进行分类的。在分类的时候，我们首先要知道是按什么来分的，这也就是分类的标准，然后同学们再动手进行分类，这样就能快速准确的把要分的物体分好了，在选择自己喜欢的整理方法，把它记录下来。同学们听懂了吗？
（二）感受不同情境下不同分类标准的选择。
1、尝试用图表记录分类结果
其实，在生活中，我们还可以按照不同的标准，对物体进行分类。
师：我们刚刚说了几个小朋友和爸爸、妈妈一起去游玩，看他们来到了公园门口，你能把他们分分类吗？ 生答略。（要说清按什么标准分）师：那我们就选择其中的两种分类标准整理一下。我们是不是可以把分类的结果整理在表中呢？
2、对比体会分类的标准
师：观察这两个表，都是在分这些人，为什么分得的结果不一样？
生：因为两次分的标准不同，第一次是按大人孩子分，第二次是按男女分的。
师：那有什么是相同的呢？
生：总数不变。
小结：看来分类的时候，分类的标准不同，分类的结果也不同。但是不论怎么分，最后的总数都应该一样。
3、体会不同情境下分类标准的选择。
a情景：发现王国门口买票 b情景：戏水乐园
我们一起来看一看小朋友和家长们到了发现王国，他们应该怎样买票呢？
那到了戏水乐园呢？
小结：同学们真聪明，看来虽然分类的标准有很多，但在生活中我们还要根据需要选择合适的分类标准。
课间休息：学了这么长的时间。我们来轻松一下，同学们在智慧树里面认识了 “小咕咚”，那智慧树里面的歌曲同学们是不是都会唱呢？我们一起来唱一唱吧！同学们起立，我们和他们一起唱一起跳。
1、我们和“小咕咚”一起唱、一起跳、一起学习，真开心！那根据我们今天学到的知识，如果把咱们班的同学分为两类，可以怎样分呢？
2、那我们就用今天学到的知识再来整理一下自己的小书包，看谁动作快，动作还轻，不影响其他说的同学，能做到吗？好现在开始。学生汇报。
同学们刚刚说都非常好，我们今天学会了分类与整理，“小咕咚”也学会了，我们在一起去看一看，“小咕咚”的超市现在是什么样子了。同学们看屏幕“小咕咚”的超市和原来比有什么变化？生答。看来“小咕咚”是学会了分类与整理，你看它的小超市的商品摆放的多整齐，也不乱了，分类的知识在日常生活中的用处是非常多的，学会了分类，同学们可以自己整理房间、整理书包。你们都学会了吗？好，这节课就上到这，下课。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇九
“物质的分类及转化”是人教版化学必修1第一章《化学物质及其变化》第一节内容，是完成初高中课程内容衔接的重要载体，其将初中所学的单一、孤立的物质及反应梳理扩展为高中阶段多样、系统的物质反应体系，渗透分类观、物质转化观等化学学科学习的基本思想方法，旨在用其发现物质及变化的规律，并预测物质的性质及可能发生的变化。本部分内容在《普通高中化学课程标准（20xx年版）》中属于主题2：常见的无机化合物及其应用这一部分，内容要求“认识元素可以组成不同种类的物质，根据物质的组成和性质可以对物质进行分类；同类物质具有相似的性质，一定条件下各类物质可以相互转化；认识胶体是一种常见的分散系”。具体先介绍了物质分类的方法，并从多种分类的角度来认识物质世界；根据分散质微粒直径大小来分引入了胶体这一基本概念，补充了初中对混合物体系的认识，进而精选代表物质，探寻了从“单质-碱性氧化物-碱-盐”以及“单质-酸性氧化物-酸-盐”分别代表含金属或非金属元素物质之间的转化规律，并用其指导生产生活实际。通过本节课内容的学习，学生不仅需要将初中所学的知识由点构成线合理关联起来，更需要在掌握的事实性知识的基础上开始建构并逐步形成基本的化学学科观念，指导高中阶段后续内容的学习，从而实现学科素养的提升。
通过初中阶段的学习，学生已经掌握一些典型物质的基本性质，涉及单质、氧化物（金属氧化物和非金属氧化物）、酸、碱、盐等物质类别。但学生的知识是单一的，分散的没有进行系统地整合，也就不能更清晰地认识其中所蕴含的规律。而高中阶段，学生将面临的不再是单一的物质，而往往是复杂的实际的甚至是陌生的物质体系，更迫切地需要学科思想方法的指导，由此可分析学生的发展点如下：
1、基于分类思想，构建化学知识框架，并在后续学习中不断丰富，形成化学学科学习的基本模式。
2、认识物质转化基本规律，将初中记忆型的思维模式进阶成高中阶段推理型的思维模式，提高学习兴趣。
3、学会迁移，将本节的学习策略迁移至化学学科其他思想方法的习得过程中，在面对复杂陌生的化学问题时，能有理可循，有据可依。
1、基于分类观，按照元素组成，能对已知物质按不同分类标准进行简单分类，利用树状分类法、交叉分类法等建立元素与物质的联系。
2、学会从微粒大小角度对混合物进行分类，理解分散系、胶体等基本概念，掌握胶体的重要性质。
3、基于物质类别探究物质转化的规律，掌握单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐之间的联系及转化特征。
4、能应用分类观及物质转化规律解决实际问题。
1、建立分类观，并能将已有知识进行系统整合。
2、准确理解胶体概念，掌握胶体重要性质。
3、理解物质转化规律并用其解决简单问题。
1、建立分类观，并用其探寻物质转化规律。
2、利用物质转化规律解决实际问题。
1、结合实例，引入分类法，明确其应用价值。
教师引导：【引入】展示图书馆或超市分门别类摆放物品的实例，明确分类法在实际应用中的重要性，列举“交叉分类法”“树状分类法”等分类方法。
学生活动：感受分类法的优点，明确分类法需要概括物质共性，确定分类标准，标准不同，分类结果会有差异。
设计意图：生活中的分类例子学生熟悉，更有代入感，感兴趣的同时更能强化分类的重要应用。同时明确分类需要有标准，找共性，作为后续分析一类物质的共同性质提供理论基础。
2、实践活动，应用分类法将物质进行分类。
教师引导：【任务1】将“物质”进行分类，明确各类物质共性（定义），并举例说明。
学生活动：将物质进行分类如下：
设计意图：将初中所学单一物质进行系统分类，为后续寻找同类物质的共性做铺垫。
1、引入分散系，胶体等概念。
教师引导：
【问题】混合物是否可以再分？回顾溶液、浊液的概念，总结共性，得出分散系概念。依据分散质、分散剂的状态将分散系分类，并举例；依据分散质粒子的大小分类，引入胶体的概念，并举例。
学生活动：
（1）回顾溶液、浊液，归纳得出分散系概念。
（2）将分散系分类，引出胶体定义，即分散质粒子直径为1-100nm。
设计意图：回顾已学，培养学生归纳总结的能力，将混合物进行再分类，弥补物质分类时的空缺。
2、实验探究胶体的性质。
教师引导：【演示实验】用激光笔分别照射硫酸铜溶液及新合成的氢氧化铁胶体，观察实验现象，获得胶体性质，列举生活中的丁达尔现象。
学生活动：观察实验现象，获得胶体性质-丁达尔效应，思考理解丁达尔效应产生的原因。
设计意图：引导学生从宏观现象和微观本质探究胶体性质，通过观察、分析等方法获得结论。
3、鉴别、分离提纯胶体。
教师引导：【任务2】基于性质，鉴别氯化钠溶液及淀粉胶体，并设计实验，将其混合物进行分离。
学生活动：【学生实验】依据分散质粒径大小不同，利用半透膜设计实验分离胶体及溶液，并检验是否成功分离
设计意图：诊断评价学生对胶体本质及性质掌握情况，训练学生实验能力，深化对胶体的理解。
1、探究单质-氧化物-酸（碱）-盐之间的转化规律
教师引导：【任务3】将初中所学代表性物质进行分类，以ca、cao、ca（oh）2、caco3为例探究金属单质、碱性氧化物、碱、盐之间的转化规律；以c、co2、h2co3、caco3为例探究非金属单质、酸性氧化物、酸、盐之间的转化规律。
学生活动：结合具体实例，归纳总结单质-氧化物-酸（碱）-盐之间的转化规律，完成反应方程式的书写。
设计意图：将初中所学知识进行归纳整合，基于分类法，寻找物质之间的转化规律。
2、基于已知，总结酸、碱、盐的通性。
教师引导：【任务4】结合实例，总结酸、碱、盐的通性。
学生活动：思考讨论，归纳总结酸、碱、盐的通性、
（1）酸的通性：使指示剂变色；
与活泼金属反应生成盐和氢气；
与碱性氧化物反应生成盐和水；
与碱反应生成盐和水；
与盐反应生成新盐和新酸。
（2）碱的通性：使指示剂变色
与酸性氧化物反应生成盐和水；
与酸反应生成盐和水；
与盐反应生成新碱和新盐。
（3）盐的通性：与金属反应生成新的金属和新盐（金属活动性规律）；
与酸反应生成新盐和新酸；
与碱反应生成新盐和新碱；
与盐反应生成两种新盐（符合复分解反应规律）。
设计意图：总结归纳酸、碱、盐的反应规律，体现物质类别是在探究物质转化中的重要依据。培养学生归纳总结提升的能力。
3、基于以上两点探究，利用“八圈图”，完善各物质之间的转化关系。
教师及学生活动：共同完成“八圈图”的书写。
设计意图：“八圈图”是物质转化规律的集中体现，也是重要的工具，可用于深入理解物质类别与各类物质之间转化的关系，也可用于设计物质转化的路径。
教师引导：【任务5】以硫磺为原料，基于物质转化规律，设计实验，制备亚硫酸钠。
学生活动：
（1）明确原料及产物物质类别。
（2）依据“八圈图”设计反应路径，鼓励设计多条路径完成制备。
（3）书写制备过程中涉及的反应方程式。
设计意图：诊断并评价学生对物质分类及物质转化规律的掌握程度，体会分类观、转化观在解决实际问题中的应用价值。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十
1．在愉快的教学气氛中通过有趣的活动和游戏中使学生对长方体、正方体、圆柱、球有一定的感性认识，知道这些几何形体的名称并能识别．
2．培养学生初步观察、想象和表达的能力．
3．在活动中培养学生探讨和与人合作的意识．
认识物体，培养学生观察、探索的能力．
区别长方体和正方体
教学设计
一、活动一：激情导入，初步掌握认识物体的方法．
（一）谈话引入
今天老师给大家带来了两个小朋友，一只小猫和一只小狗，你们欢迎他们吗？
1．出示图片：小猫和小狗
2．小狗说：“谢谢大家．”小猫说：“在学习前我想提一个问题，你们能记住我们吗？
请快想想，怎样才能记住我们．”
（二）学生讨论
1．如何记住一只小猫？又如何记住一只小狗？
2．学生反馈：小猫矮矮的、胖胖的、黄色的猫．
小狗高高的、瘦瘦的．
3．小结：要记住它们的特点．
二、活动二：练习分类
小狗说：我给大家带来了一些物体想请你们帮个忙，给它们分类．
（一）出示图片：物体分类
（二）分组讨论
1．四人分小组讨论，边发表意见边演示课桌上的物品．
2．学生演示自己不同的分类方法．出示图片：分类方法一、分类方法二
三、活动三：认识长方体和正方体
小狗说：我们一起来认识一下这些物品好吗？
教师板书：认识物体
（一）认识长方体
1．出示图片：长方体
2．小狗问：它是什么样子？
3．每一名同学从自己口袋里拿出一件一样的物体，看一看，数一数有几个面，摸一摸每个面一样大吗？每一个面是什么形的？起个什么名字？
4．学生反馈长方体的形状特点
（1）有六个面；
（2）有的六个面都是长方形；有的四个面是长方形，还有两个面是正方形的；四个面是一样大的，还有两个面一样大．
教师板书：长方体
（二）认识正方体
1．出示图片：正方体
2．小猫问：这个物体是长方体吗？
有什么特点？
与长方体有什么不同．起个什么名字？
3．学生分小组讨论
4．学生反馈正方体的特点
正方体六个面，六个面都是正方形．
教师板书：正方体
5．你是怎么区别长方体和正方体的？
6．在你的生活中哪些东西是长方体？哪些东西是正方体的呢？
四、活动四：认识圆柱体和球
（一）认识圆柱体和球
1．出示图片：圆柱体、球
2．小狗问：你的桌面上还有什么物体呀？它们有什么特点？
3．学生小组讨论
4．学生反馈
圆柱体有两个面是圆形的，球上没有一个平面．
教师板书：圆柱、球
5．生活中那些物体是圆柱体的？那些物体是球体的？
（二）小结
今天我们和小猫和小狗一齐认识了长方体、正方体、圆柱体和球，我们一齐把它们的名字读一遍．（教师指图形，学生举物体，说名字．）
（三）出示图片：找朋友
五、活动五：做游戏 “摸一摸、 猜一猜”
游戏介绍：将所有的物体全部放在课桌上，小组中的每个人轮流用围巾蒙住眼睛，用手摸物体并猜出是什么物体，看谁猜得又对又快．
六、活动六：小小建筑师
1．用桌上的物体搭建一件自己喜欢的东西．
1．学生反馈．
七、总结
今天你们认识了哪些物体？怎么记住它们？我们在生活中见过这些物体吗？
八、
认识物体
长方体 正方体 圆柱体 球
本节课教学导入采取如何记住学生最喜欢的小猫、小狗的样子来进行的，紧紧抓住学生的注意力，学习记忆方法，吸引学生学习新知识。接着以小猫和小狗的问题为线索认识物体。教学过程集知识性、趣味性、活动性为一体，充分调动学生的主动性、创造力，发挥学生的想象力。教学中给学生创设动手、动脑、动口的机会，做到精心创设教学情景、以情促动、以动激趣、以趣求知，做到思考与实践、讨论与交流相结合。
教学中给学生充分的学习空间，让学生积极的动手摸一摸，开口数一数，用眼睛观察物体的样子，猜一猜物体的形状，在个人思考的基础上进行小组交流，使学生在观察中思考，在区别中记忆。同时教学的最后安排小建筑师的游戏，目的在于让学生有空间的感觉，同时发挥学生的想象力和创造力，使他们建立自细心，对数学产生浓厚的兴趣。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十一
1、掌握角的分类以及各种角的度数，知道直角、平角、周角的大小关系；会用量角器画角。
2、培养学生画、折、量等动手操作能力。发展学生的空间观念。
3、培养学生利用所学相关知识进行及时检验的学习习惯．
掌握角的分类以及各种角的度数。
会用量角器画指定度数的角。
自制一个活动角，一张练习纸（已量好角的度数），量角器，三角板
数学教育家波利亚指出：“学习任何知识的最佳途径，都是由自己去发现、探索、研究，因为这样理解更深刻，也最容易掌握其中的内在规律、性质和联系。”同时，也只有这样才能让学生在真正的探究性学习中学会学习，不断地发展自身的认知结构和智能结构。在整堂课上，注意发挥学生的主体精神和自主学习的能动性，并设计了具有一定思维空间的操作活动，学生在动手操作、动脑思考的学习活动中，思维能力和思维品质得到了提高。尊重学生的生活经验和认知基础，在教学过程中为学生创设积极互动的足够空间。
一、 自主活动，以旧引新
每个同学桌上都有一个活动角，你能转动其中一条边，创造出大小不同的角吗？
同桌互相说一说，你创造出的是什么角？
（数学教学应该是从学生的生活经验和已有知识背景出发，学生已经直观认识过锐角、直角和钝角，学生自己转动活动角，在动手操作过程中展现旧知，同桌互相补充，为新知铺垫。）
二、 启发点拨，探索新知
（一）角的分类
1、（拿出练习纸，同时屏幕上展示）这上面有大大小小不同的角，上节课我们已经量出了每个角的大小，你能给这些角分类吗？
2、有困难的可以在小组里先轻声讨论一下。然后集体交流分类结果。学生回答后课件演示分类结果。
3、同学们把角分成了三类：锐角、直角、钝角，你能利用已有的知识，来研究这三类角的度数有什么规律吗？（小组讨论）
4、学生交流，教师板书。
（对于钝角的度数，交流时可能会有争议。要不要“小于180°”这个条件，可以先打个？，下面再一起来研究。）
{在让学生独自给角分类的过程中，由于知识容量较大，虽然大部分学生对分类已具有一定的基础，但要求学生找到是会有困难的，教师对这一点有足够的思想准备。所以，在组织学生理解这个知识点时，以“学生是发展中的人”为理念，利用学生的差异，放手让学生小组争论、互补，在相互纠偏、自我梳理中逐步理清角的类别与度数之间的关系。}
（二）认识平角、周角
1、电脑演示：活动角的一条边转到与另一条边在同一直线上，然后停下来。
提问：你认为这还是角吗？为什么？这叫什么角？你会画一个平角吗？（学生画好后，在实物投影仪上展示一生的作业，并说说是怎么画的，让其指出角的各部分。）平角的两条边有什么特点？（边说边用手势表示。）有办法知道平角是多少度吗？（估计后再用量角器验证。课件演示）平角与直角的大小有什么关系呢？（板书1平角=2直角）（学了平角以后，再回上去讨论：要不要“小于180°”这个条件）
2、电脑演示：活动角的一条边绕顶点转了一圈后停下，两条边重合在一起。
提问：你认为这还是角吗？为什么？这叫什么角？你知道周角是多少度吗？你根据什么得出这个结论的？周角与平角的大小有什么关系？周角与直角的大小有什么关系？（板书1周角=2平角=4直角）
3、我们刚才研究了锐角、直角、钝角、平角、周角的度数，你能把这五种角按从大到小的顺序排一排吗？
（教学过程是教师与学生、学生与学生交往的过程。给学生营造探究的情境，以观察和思辨为表现形式，并在观察和思辨中形成有效互动，建构对特殊角的认识。）
（三）画角
接下来我们要来研究：根据角的度数，怎样来画出角呢？
1、你能在纸上画出一个60°的角吗？
（1） 请你先想一想：60°的角是什么角？大概有多大？
（2） 学生试画，画好后先在小组中交流画法，再大堂交流总结画法。并讨论检验的方法。（可能出现两种不同的画法：①用三角板画，说说是怎样画的。②用量角器画，着重讨论它的步骤。如果没有用量角器画的，先进行下一环节，让学生用量角器来试画，再交流。）
（3） 小结：对于一些特殊的度数可以用三角板上的角来画，但对于一般的角我们只能用量角器来画。
2、试一试：用量角器分别画出40°、70°、135°
（给学生思维的空间，充分发挥学生的主体精神和自主学习的能动性，让学生真正地去探究，在小组互动中使角的画法在大脑中越来越清晰，并留下深刻地印象，学生的思维能力和思维品质得到了提高）
三、自主探索，巩固达标
1、想想做做3、4
2、想想做做5
（通过折纸片，使各种角的表象得以强化，通过画角，掌握画角的技能。并强化及时进行检验，培养学生检验的习惯。）
四、积极互动，掌握概念
通过这堂课的学习，你有什么收获？先在小组中交流，再每组派代表汇报。
（先小组交流，使每一个学生都参与，在互动中对整堂课的知识点进行了梳理，使学生的大脑中零散的知识形成一个整体，形成牢固的印象。）
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十二
义务教育课程标准教科书数学一年级上册第38页的内容及相关练习。
1。通过观察照片，从已有的生活经验中感知分类的意义，通过操作学会分类。
2。培养观察能力、操作能力、语言表达能力。
3。培养合作意识，学会评价；体会数学与生活的联系。
教具：有关水果店、鞋店、电脑市场、服装店的情景照片；课件（能控制图片，音乐，及其他题目的展示）；货柜台及物品（水果类、学具类、蔬菜类、生活用品等多种物品）
学具：不同颜色、不同形状的学具；水彩笔。
一、情景激趣。
出示一张水果店照片。
师：这张图片漂亮吗？你逛过商场吗？这张图片是老师上周星期天逛商场用相机拍下来的，还有几张，想不想看？
师：那好，待会同学可要仔细观察每张照片，看谁看完之后，能告诉大家，你都看到了什么？发现了什么？
二。情景中探索、生活经验的升化。
（一）从生活经验中悟出新知。
1。课件一张一张显示商店里拍的照片。（学生小声说）
2。抽学生说。
生n：我看到了……
3。几张照片放在一起。
师：同学们观察得真仔细，说了这么多。你发现这些东西是怎么摆放的？
师：你们的发现都不错。你们的意思就是说把一样的（或同样的）东西放在一起。数学上把一样的或同样的称为同一类。把同样的东西放在一起，就叫分类。今天我们就来学习分类的方法。
板书
（二）实践体会，分组动手摆，生活经验的升化。
1。师：刚才商店里的阿姨摆柜台，分类摆得不错，你们想不想摆呀？好，下面请大家来当小售货员，动手分类摆一摆。
要求：首先，同组的小朋友一起到柜台前，看看你们的柜台前的篮子里有些什么东西。
然后，商量、讨论怎样把这些东西分类摆放好。
再动手合作把物品分类摆放好。
2。小朋友动手合作摆放。 （放音乐，让小朋友在欢快的音乐中活动）
3。小组参观、交流、汇报。
师：哪个组先请大家来参观？
接着一组一组汇报，同学相互评价。（组织学生交流、评价，培养交流、评价意识）
4。列举生活中的分类。
师：我（老师）觉得四个小组摆得挺不错，经过我们小售货员分类摆放，这些东西就不乱了，看起来就清楚了不，找起来就方便了。
比如，我要买西瓜，到哪儿买？兴趣班的同学要买足球，到哪儿买？冬天来了，妈妈要给你买毛衣，到哪儿买？李老师要买电脑，到哪儿买？（列举与学生生活贴近的。）
同学互相说一说，你曾经到什么店里去买过什么？
5。德育教育
师：分类带来这么多方便，你们说分类好不好？
平时，我们同学们的学习用品、生活用品都要分类摆放好，养成良好的习惯。
（三）分类知识的抽象运用。
师：刚才，同学们动手合作分类摆放物品，做得非常好，那么，画出来的，你能分吗？
1。出示课本第40页第1题。
2。出示课本第40页第2题。
师：用你喜欢的颜色把车涂上颜色，看谁涂得又对又好。
小组互相欣赏。
各组推选1名全班展览。
4。分类的多样化。
师：其实呀，分类还有一定的技巧，想不想试一试？
学生拿出装有不同颜色、不同形状的学具。
师：请你把这些学具分类摆放成几堆，看你有几种摆法。
学生动手摆。
学生汇报。
老师小结：可按形状、可按颜色，标准不一样，分的结果就不一样。（课件展示分的结果）
收学具。师：请把红色的收起来，再把黄色的收起来，再把蓝色的收起来，把剩下的收起来。
三。课堂回顾。
师：这节课你们都学会了什么？
学生交流、汇报。
师：今天大家学会了分类，还掌握了分类的一些技巧。
四。把分类运用于生活。
1。说生活中的事例。
让学生说说你在生活中哪些地方见到过分类。
2。课外运用。（针对寄宿制学校）
（1）今天中午在食堂就餐的时候，请同学们认真观察，在食堂，哪些地方用到了今天我们学习的分类。
（2）学们今晚分类摆放自己生活柜里的物品，晚上老师要来参观。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十三
1．使学生认识量角器，会用量角器量出角的度数．
2．认识直角、平角、钝角、锐角和周角．
3．提高学生动手操作能力．
建立各种角的概念．
正确地用量角器度量角的大小．
一、导入．
1．演示课件“角的度量”．
提问：这些角你能按照从大到小的顺序给他们排一下队吗？
教师指出左端两个大小比较接近的角
提问：你知道他们相差多少吗？
2．教师谈话：如果我们能够度量出每个角的大小，以上问题就可以解决了．你们想不想知道他们究竟相差多少呢？（揭示课题“角的度量和角的分类”）
二、探索新知．
（一）角的度量．
1．继续演示课件“角的度量”，出示量角器的图片．
讲解：量角的大小，要用量角器，因为它的形状是一个半圆，所以又叫半圆仪．角的计量单位是“度”，用符号“ °”表示，结合图片，认识半圆仪中心，0刻度线和内外圆刻度．
2．（1）继续演示课件“角的度量”，播放视频“1°角的概念”．
（2）出示几个不同的角，并估算角的度数．
（教师：要想知道所估算的是否准确，还要通过测量．）
3．量角的方法．
（1）自学教材第123页第一、二自然段．
（2）由学生汇报度量角的方法．结合黑板上的角，边度量边介绍．
（3）继续演示课件“角的度量”，播放视频“量角方法”．
（4）尝试测量角的度数（尽量使角的开口方向不同），巡视中注意了解学生掌握情况．
（5）教师举出几种学生常见的错误：
错误类型一：学生量角时，量角器中心点和角的顶点没重合．
错误类型二：量角器0°刻度线与边没对齐．
错误类型三：看错了刻度，应看里圈，却看外圈刻度了，或者应看外圈却看里圈刻度了．
（6）讨论：怎样避免前面的错误，正确迅速地量出角的度数呢？
（0°在哪个圈上，就在哪个圈上找角的另一边所对的刻度）
（7）继续演示课件“角的度量”，播放视频“角的大小比较”．
（播放前先请同学用估算的方法判断，播放后教师进行总结）
（二）角的分类
1．自学教材第124页《角的分类》．（可按书中内容边边操作）
2．小组讨论：
（1）角可以分哪几类？每类角的特征是什么？
（2）直角、平角、周角之间有什么关系？
（3）平角和直线一样吗？
3．利用活动角，按老师要求摆角．
（直角、钝角、平角、锐角……）
三、巩固练习．
1．量一量一副三角板中各个角的度数．
2．完成教材第126页第7题．
说出每个钟面上的时间，量出时针和分针所成的角度．
提问：不用度量你能知道每个时刻分针与时针的夹角吗？
3．利用活动角的量角器摆出下面各角．
（1）直角（2）平角（3）120°（4）30°（5）77°
四、质疑总结．
1．这节课都学会了什么？
（角的度量和分类．量角时要对齐顶点和0刻度线，如何确定看哪一圈刻度）
2．教师整理成顺口溜助记．
量角器量角很简单，角可分为五大类．
中心重合角的顶点，直、平、周角最特殊，
一条边对齐0刻度，锐角小于九十度，
角的度数看另一边．钝角介于直、平间．
3．鼓励学生对所学知识提出问题，引导学生解题．
五、布置作业．
完成第127页第9题．
把下面的角的度数分别填在适当的圈里．
12° 92° 179°
34°
89° 160° 58° 100°
五、．
探究活动
比谁猜的准
活动目的
学生在量角时往往出现不知看哪一圈的刻度，如果结合角的分类和估测能够避免这一问题，依据先判断角的种类．再估测角的大小，最后进行实际测量，不仅能避免错误，提高学生估测能力，还能养成良好的检验习惯．
活动方式
以小组为单位（两、三人即可）进行比赛．
活动过程
1．轮流画出一个任意角，先共同判断属于哪一类角．达成共识后，组员各自估测此角的度数大约是多少，然后组员共同用量角器测量其准确值．
2．比一比看谁的估测值与准确值最接近，五局三胜，选出组冠军．
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十四
1教学目标
1、通过实践认识到生活中垃圾桶的不足，探究得出垃圾桶的设计要点。
2、能根据垃圾桶设计的要点，小组合作探究，画出垃圾桶示意图及做出简单的模型。
3、培养学生养成良好的卫生习惯。建立环保意识。
2学情分析
三年级学生活泼好动，喜欢直观形象的事物，喜欢动手实践。针对这一特点，在课程设计上，我采用课件、视频、探究实践操作、资料分析等方法，充分调动学生学习的积极性，从而实现以学生为主体，教师为主导的主动探究式教学理念。
3重点难点
能够根据不同地点和使用人群的特点设计垃圾桶
4教学过程
4.1 第一学时
1教学活动
活动1【导入】读网评 谈感受
师：生活中的美无处不在，有大自然的宁静美，有同学们的欢笑美，生活中物品的美观实用也是一种美，那么如何设计垃圾桶才能展现它的美呢？
生：思考。
师：这节课我们研究的主题就是如何巧设垃圾桶。
（板书：巧设垃圾桶）
师：同学们看，这就是一则网评（课件） 读一读
生：读网评。
师：你知道了什么？
1
小学综合实践 沪科教课标版 校园分类垃圾箱教学设计
生：垃圾桶和周围环境不协调。
活动2【讲授】品评生活中的垃圾桶 、讨论垃圾桶的设计要点 、欣赏垃圾桶作品
师：垃圾桶的设计要与地点和周围环境相协调，同学们请看这些地点中的垃圾桶，你从中发现了什么问题(课件图片)
生：不符合使用人群的特点，不美观……
师：应该怎样巧设垃圾桶呢？小组讨论一下。
生：小组讨论。
师：谁能说一说？
生：与环境地点相适宜、满足不同人群需求、便于投放以及清理、简洁美观方便实用……
师：你们喜欢这个游乐场中的垃圾桶吗？（课件图片）
生：喜欢。
师：好在哪儿？
生：美观，符合使用人群特点，与环境相一致……
活动3【活动】小组设计垃圾桶、展示交流
师：现在请各小组围绕以上几点开展设计垃圾桶活动。（课件活动提示）齐读活动要求。 生：读要求
师：读懂了吗？
生：……
2
小学综合实践 沪科教课标版 校园分类垃圾箱教学设计
师：开始活动。
师：哪组愿意来展示你们设计的作品？
生：……
活动4【作业】拓展延伸
总结提升：
师：同学们，在垃圾桶研究方面，国内外有许多先进的设计，为垃圾进行了科学的处理，美化了我们的生活环境（课件图片）
师：他们有的加入了现代的高科技，有的立足于解决生活中的问题，有的垃圾桶很美观，为生活添加了一抹亮丽的色彩，垃圾桶的设计和研究已经成为了国内外科学家永恒的研究主题，巧设垃圾桶就是创造生活中的美，我们也要有一双善于观察的眼睛，去发现问题，解决问题，创造更美好的生活。
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十五
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£º
����1�������ðµï¿½ò»ð©ô���ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������ࡢ��װ���������������ãºí¶ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ñ·ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
���������뷽����
����1�����鵱�ø·ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·êµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
�������ì¬ï¿½è¼ï¿½öµï¿½û£ï¿½
����1������ç¿ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������������ࡢ��ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ì²ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ð±è½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ß³ï¿½ð£ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯è·êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµ½ºüºãµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����1���ð»ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬æ·ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������������ð¹ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºã¿õ¶ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£
��
����1����õ¹ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½4��6�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä·ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¯ï¿½ê·ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê±ó¦×¢ï¿½â£ºòªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½æºã²é·ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²é·ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ú°à¼¶ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò²ï¿½üºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î²é·ãµï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·êµï¿½ã±¨ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ã±¨×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½
�����ï½ú¿î£ï¿½ �����ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµêµï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¼ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ ��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
����1���������õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä»ã±¨
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¯ï¿½ê·ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ä»ã±¨ï¿½é£ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½óµä»ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ע�⣬����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½
����ê¾ï¿½ì²ï¿½76ò³ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¾é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����3����í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿é»ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½76ò³ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä´ð°¸²ï¿½òªï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿é»ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡££ï¿½
�������������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½×°
����1��������ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½
������1��æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ñ¶¼µãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ù¼ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������2������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
�������é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð´ï¿½å·ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµäµø·ï¿½?
���������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¨¼ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½77ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨
����3�����ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢
�������䡢���é£ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½æ¹ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶è¼æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¬ñ§ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½âµ½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½1��3��ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµãºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½
�������죬���ç¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ä£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ä£© ��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½78ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������òµï¿½ï¿½
�����������ߵä¼ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëè¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ì¡£
����������æ£ï¿½ 4�� ����í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½º¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������
��������
������������
�����ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ࡢ��װ����ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十六
����
����1�����ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ýµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì¡£
����3�������ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ïµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����
�����������ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ó°ï¿½ì£¿
����
�����û²ì£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³éµä£ï¿½
�����������ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
�����ê±ï¿½ä£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±
����
����
����������⣺ë��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½
������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
�����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½
�����ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
�������ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½p58
���������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½«ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼òµ¥µä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����3����������׼�������ïµä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
������1���ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à¡£
������2���ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à¡£
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì·¨ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����������
����2�����
����1����������
�������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½à½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·
����ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����
������ê¦õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¾é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¾é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½õ¹ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����������ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ó°ï¿½ì£¿ï¿½ï¿½
�������嵥ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ôªï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¡·ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ç¿õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¹û²ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ôµè¶à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿õ±ä»¯ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ñ§ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
��������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð±ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ì·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½í¬ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä½×¶ï¿½ï¿½õ½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ç¿õ¹û²ì¡¢ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ø¶ô»ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ûºí¹ï¿½ï¿½é¾í³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十七
����
����1�����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ô±è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ ��1�������ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¨2��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½3���è½ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°
����ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½í¼
����2��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
������1��ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ëµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������������þ»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������
����2
�������ï·ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
�����ï·ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����������
������1�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½æ£ï¿½ ������ ���ä±ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����������
����æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ü£ï¿½
�����ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������������â·ï¿½
���������ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âºí¿ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½è½ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ïµï¿½ï¿½à¸¨ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ñ´ï¿½í³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ò»ð©ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ëµï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ð¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����3������ê½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��ê±ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ßºð¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ø¼ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¬î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ë�����ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼òµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ò°ö°öµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½òµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡£¡ï¿½
�����������ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼òµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬¿ï¿½ï¿½ó·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡£¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼òµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡£¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼òµï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ú·ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£º �ö°ï¿½ ���� �� ���� ���� ���� �ä¼ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶¼ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½å°ï¿½ï¿½é£©ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ò·ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
�����������ô·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸õ²ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°à¼¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ö·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������밴����í¬ñ§å®í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ ��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ å®ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬õ¾ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë���ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������������â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ ��â·ï¿½ó£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ö·ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â£ºï¿½ë¶«â·ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬õ¾ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½â·ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½óµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
������������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©
��������������í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
��������������ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã´ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½öµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ í¬ê±òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
������������ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ëµä·ï¿½ï¿½à£»ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½è·îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����1��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£º ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»èºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ì²ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ô�����ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½21ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¿ï¿½ï¿½ô²è¦è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������嶩��ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��������ï°ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½â£º
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½é¾³í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����3��������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥é³ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´è¥ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»¹öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½öµä£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����
����������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ע��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十八
���������׶������øµã¼°ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬´ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ½±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����1.��ê¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿é»ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.���é²ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����3.�����׶�ô¸ï¿½ï¿½îªî¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
�����׼��
����1.���ô¿î¼ï¿½(â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì¹«â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½)
����2.���ã¸é¾ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3.����׼���õ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¾ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½(����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èªë®æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¾«æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½øµè¡ï¿½)
����4.׼���é»ï¿½ï¿½õºí²ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������êµâ¼
��������â¼ï¿½ï¿½(â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì¹«â¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½)�������û¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½û¿ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½
����1��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?����ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½?îªê²ã´?
����2��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©?
����3����������������������çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½?
����4������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬ºãºã¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹û²ï¿½äºï¿½?
����1.��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½è½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--��ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?îªê²ã´ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?
����2.���׶�ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡±¡ï¿½
����3.�����׶��������û£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�����ס���������ê²ã´ï¿½ð¾ï¿½?îªê²ã´?
����4.��ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ó�������׶���ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5.��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����6.���׶�ëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð¿é»ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
�����é»ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµèµï¿½
�������é»ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ê³æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµè¡ï¿½
������ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ä³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½0���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½x���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1.��ö¯ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����2.�����׶����í±ï¿½ã¸é¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡±£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¡£
��������죺
����1.��������װí°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½òµï¿½ò»ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.��ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1���׶��ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ø´ï¿½;���ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����������׶�í¨ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½õºí²ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;����콫�����ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£
�����׶���������������׶���ë®æ½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;�ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶èµä¸ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇十九
����1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä°ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½38ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
�����ì¾ß¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ç¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¦ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
������������������࣬����������������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°é£ï¿½
���������ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ë£ï¿½
������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åµä£ï¿½
����ëµï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ã·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£©ï¿½ú·å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºã²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½
������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
����ë������ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ú·åµã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
�������ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½
����������㵱ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ð¡ï¿½é´´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
���������������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
��������òªï¿½ú·åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è½ïºï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ù°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è½ïºï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½æ½ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ö½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
��������4����ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ú·åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²î¹ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ï¿½ë°ú£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ä°ú·å¿ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½îªï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·å¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ë¿íµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë¡£
����4����ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����5����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½1��3�⡣
������õ¹ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ô¡ï¿½
�����õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ç°ñ²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç¦ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¦ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½
����2���㱨��
����3��ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬¸õ²å°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ç²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¤í·ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½æ¤í·ï¿½ä·ö£ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ö¡ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十
����
�����ì²äµï¿½41ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï°ï¿½â¡£
����
����1.ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ü½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����2. ����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����
�����øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö½ç¡ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºæ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ì¾ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½×¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½åµè¡ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î£ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²â²â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ð·ç²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ç¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ç¶¯ï¿½ð·ç¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
�����������ê¦ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµä´ò¿ª¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡£
�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ú½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²æ¿ªï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡ö®ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ (�������)
��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½û½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£©
����3������������
����ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90�㣬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½90��ä½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90���ð¡ï¿½ï¿½180��ä½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½
����4����ê¶æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����������ת���ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ä³ä³í¬ñ§ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ê¶æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´×ªï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾æ½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½î³é¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¾í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä»î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½
����4������������
��������������ê¶ï¿½ü½ç¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����1����ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è¿ï¿½ë�����ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¦×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½
�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ç£ï¿½
����3���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ü½çµï¿½ï¿½î³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½
����4�������ü½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����5���㻹���ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ø´ï¿½
���������è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú»î¶¯ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ù»ï¿½ï¿½ìµê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½á¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½çµä¹ï¿½ïµ
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½çºï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ö½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½îµï¿½ö½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ò¿ª£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ü½ï¿½=2æ½ï¿½ï¿½ ò»æ½ï¿½ï¿½=2ö±ï¿½ï¿½ ò»ï¿½ü½ï¿½=2æ½ï¿½ï¿½=4ö±ï¿½ï¿½
������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½42ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�ö½çµä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ü¶ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±æ½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ï°
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äºüºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ò»ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����ð¶ï£ï¿½
������ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90�㡣 �� ��
��������ç¶ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½90�㡣
�����û´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90��ä½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶û½ç¡ï¿½ �� ��
�����ü¶û½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90�㡣 �� ��
������æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ �� ��
����2���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������õ£ï¿½
����(1) 80�����( )�����æ´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����(2)ò»ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½çµä²î£¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½( )�ç¡ï¿½
����(3)ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµäºí£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½( )�ç¡ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£º
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½
�����塢��òµï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½
������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3��4�⡣
��������������æ£ï¿½
�����çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������� �û½ï¿½ �ü½ï¿½ æ½ï¿½ï¿½ ö±ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½90�� ����90�� 360��
����180�� 90��
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½180��
����1�ü½ï¿½ = 2æ½ï¿½ï¿½= 4ö±ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十一
����
������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ô½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»®·öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ó¦í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ç¨ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ñ¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ç¨ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
������ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ó¦ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹æ½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø½çµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬è»ï¿½ó»°·ï¿½ò»×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°´ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ç¨ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½à£º3���ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶û½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3����ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ�ò½¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ñ�ò½¥½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¸¨ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����
������ê¦×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ñ¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����2�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ºê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���߶���î²ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½éµä·ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�����㣬3���ߣ�3���ç£ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬îªì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£
������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
����1���������î·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
������1���î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½éµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½éµä£ï¿½ëô¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ߡ�3���çºï¿½3�����㣩����ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä£ï¿½
������3�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã°ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ô��
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£©
������4����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������
����1
����2
����3
������1���çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2���çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3���çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������
����1
����2
����3
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ߵä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十二
����
�����ë½ì°ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½27ò³ï¿½ï¿½
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½à¡£
����3������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï³ï¿½ï¿½îµäºã¼ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä°ö°ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ ��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾íµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµø·ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½óº¹¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð¡££ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ �������òµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾íºí¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºí¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëñ§ï¿½ãºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����1��������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£©¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����2��������������ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ëµï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
������õ¹ê¾ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½à£¿ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à£¬ï¿½çºï¿½â«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à¡£ï¿½öµäºüºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
������õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ö·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ·åµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿µï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´òªï¿½å³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³¤
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½â«ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â«ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ô²ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
�������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ 3��ê¾ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ò°ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª3�࣬�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4���������ü¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½à¡±ï¿½í¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ä±ä²»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½1�í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�������ç¸õ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½
����5��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ä°ï¿½òªï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������ü²ï¿½í¬ï¿½é¾³ï¿½â²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸õ¸ï¿½ëµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºí°ö°ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ô°ï¿½å¿ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªëµï¿½å°´ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����2���ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ë£ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½öµãµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·öµä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ó·ö£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½öµä¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
���������������䡣
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����᲻í¬ï¿½é¾³ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½
����a�龰�����������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ± b�龰��ï·ë®ï¿½ï¿½ô°
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºí¼ò³ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ë®ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ðºü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½
�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ ��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½á³ªï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����1�����çºí¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð³ª¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ªï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����2�������ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�����죬�������ᣬ��ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
��
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¸õ¸ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ò²ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ô������ê²ã´ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ú·åµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿ºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½â¿î¡ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十三
����
���������êµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¼°×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°æ»¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ä½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½×¶î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµè»ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½20xx��棩������������2���������þ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ôªï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½î¢ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ì½ñ°ï¿½ë´ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-����������-��-�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-����������-��-�î¡ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½éµã¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½×¶îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½×¶îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½æ¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡£µï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ò²ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½×¶î£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½êµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ë¿é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����1�����ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é»ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ë¼î¬ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³é¸ï¿½ï¿½ð½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ë¼î¬ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ���ð¾ý¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��
����1�����ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼òµ¥·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç¶è¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����3�������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ó¦ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1����������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����2��׼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����3����������ת�����é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1����������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����2����������ת�����é½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����
����1�����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¿õ¹ê¾í¼ï¿½ï¿½ý»ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªó¦ï¿½ã¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���������ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£
����
����1�������é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������⡿������ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù·ö£ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ü½á¹²ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½é¢ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ºï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
������1���ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
������2������é¢ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶¨ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½îª1-100nm��
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¿ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½
����2��êµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½é¡¿ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í��òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âºï³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½û²ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬»ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬»ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-�����ð§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ï¿½û±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����3�����𡢷����ᴿ���塣
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¡¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½í¸ä¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ºï¿½å¼°ï¿½ï¿½òºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½å±¾ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½-������-�ᣨ�-��ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ca��cao��ca��oh��2��caco3îªï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½c��co2��h2co3��caco3îªï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½áµ¥ï¿½ï¿½-������-�ᣨ�-��ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½à·¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
����2��������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½îµï¿½í¨ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4�����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½îµï¿½í¨ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½îµï¿½í¨ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
������1�����í¨ï¿½ô£ï¿½ê¹ö¸ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
��������ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ﷴó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
�������î·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
������2�����í¨ï¿½ô£ï¿½ê¹ö¸ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«
���������������ﷴó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
�������ᷴó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½
�������î·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
������3���îµï¿½í¨ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ᷴó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£»
������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½â¼î£»
�������î·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ö½â·´ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½îµä·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5�������îªô�ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
������1����è·ô�ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�����ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ó¦â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3����ð´ï¿½æ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·ï¿½ï¿½à¼°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十四
������������î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½38ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����2�������û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
�����ì¾ß£ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ð¬ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß£ï¿½ë®ï¿½ê±ê¡ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬æ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë����ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
���������龰��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
����1���î¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½
����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½
������n���ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��������æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ú·åµä£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½îªí¬ò»ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð£¬¾í½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������
����������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶¯ï¿½ö°ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ì°ú¹ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½û»ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðµ½¹ï¿½ì¨ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ì¨ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åºã¡ï¿½
�����ù¶ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åºã¡ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·å¡ï¿½ �������ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î¹û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹û£ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����4���ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½í¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½û»ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
�������磬��òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬µï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ò£¿¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã«ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ò£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����5����������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½à·½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½
����æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·åºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
��������������öªê¶ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²å£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40ò³ï¿½ï¿½1�⡣
����2����ê¾ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½40ò³ï¿½ï¿½2�⡣
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ñ³ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëí¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½öºã¡ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½é»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½
����������ñ¡1��è«ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¹ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ô£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½×°ï¿½ð²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ñ§ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·å³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ö°ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ú¡ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½öµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù°ñ»ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ã»ø¹ë¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����1��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
����2���������ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½
������1������������ê³ï¿½ã¾í²íµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê³ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
������2��ñ§ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹û¡ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十五
����
����1�������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ú»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������𳤷����������
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ò»ö»ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ó������
����1����ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ð»ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ã¨ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������룬�������ü¼ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����î¼ï¿½×¡ò»ö»ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½×¡ò»ö»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ã¨ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ßµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµä£ï¿½
����3��ð¡ï¿½á£ºòªï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½øµã£®
���������������ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ã¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½à£®
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������������
����1�����ë·ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½
����3��ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½îµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½øµï¿½
������1���������棻
������2���ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¼ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä£ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ã¨ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿
�����볤������ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½
���������������棬�����涼�������î£ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��������ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³¤·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����6���������������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½îµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½æ£®
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5����������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
����������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½
�����������çºï¿½ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ö¸í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ê¾í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï· ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
������ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²¢ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë�âµï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ì£®
�������������ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦
����1�������ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ߡ��ü½ï¿½
��������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ë¡ï¿½
������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������� ������ ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��
����
�������ú¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ã¨ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¼ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶¯ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿õ¼ï¿½ä¸ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十六
����
����1�����õ½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½
�������õ½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½
��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½îºï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò²ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµø·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½×¢ï¿½â·¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬æ·ï¿½êµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½õ¼ä¡£
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ ��������ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ã¿ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½çºí¶û½ç£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ö¾ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²¹ï¿½ä£¬îªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ìµæ¡£ï¿½ï¿½
�������� �����㲦��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1�����ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ö½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ñµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��í¬ñ§ï¿½ç°ñ½ç·ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£ºï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
���������ú¶û½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½180�㡱��������������è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����{����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½æ«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½}
������������ê¶æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½
����1��������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ò»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½â»¹ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á»ò»ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½øµã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ì·¨öªï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½=2ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½180�㡱���������
����2��������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½çµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½â»¹ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�ü½ï¿½=2æ½ï¿½ï¿½=4ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½
����3�����ç¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������
��������������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����1��������ö½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½60��ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1�� ��������ò»ï¿½ë£º60��ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½
������2�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°å»ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½è¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3�� ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ò»ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ð»³ï¿½40�㡢70�㡢135��
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä¿õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬æ·ï¿½êµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½
������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì´ï¿½ï¿½
����1����������3��4
����2����������5
������í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½çµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½é½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿îµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½î³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½î¹ìµï¿½ó¡ï¿½ó¡££ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十七
����1��ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¶ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ü½ç£ï¿½
����3�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����������ö½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î£®
����
������è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£®
����1����ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½õ´ó´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½è½ï½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ê¦ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡±ï¿½ï¿½
��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
�������⣺���çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ð°ï¿½ô²ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½çµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ �㡱��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½0�ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ì¶è£ï¿½
����2����1��������ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½1��çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡±ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1����ñ§ï¿½ì²äµï¿½123ò³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½
������2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºú°ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½
������3��������ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������4�����ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½çµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������5����ê¦ï¿½ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½øºï£ï¿½
�����������í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0��ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£®
���������������������ë¿ì¶è£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½
������6�����û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ñ¸ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
������0�����ä¸ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¿ì¶è£ï¿½
������7��������ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£©
�����������çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ñ§ï¿½ì²äµï¿½124ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½
������1���ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½à£¿ã¿ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
������2��ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������3��æ½ï¿½çºï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ã»î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ú½ç£ï¿½
������ö±ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2����é½ì²äµï¿½126ò³ï¿½ï¿½7�⣮
����ëµï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä½ç¶è£ï¿½
�������ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����ã»î¶¯ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
������1��ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½2��æ½ï¿½ç£ï¿½3��120�㣨4��30�㣨5��77��
�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£®
����1����ú¿î¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
�������çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½à£®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0�ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ì¶è£ï¿½
����2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
�������������çºü¼òµ¥£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿é·ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£®
���������øºï½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ö±ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½0�ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ê®ï¿½è£ï¿½
�����çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½û½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ä£®
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£®
�����塢������òµï¿½ï¿½
������éµï¿½127ò³ï¿½ï¿½9�⣮
����������ä½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï£®
����12�� 92�� 179��
����34��
����89�� 160�� 58�� 100��
�����塢��
����ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯
������ë�âµï¿½×¼
�����ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»è¦ï¿½ä¿ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£®ï¿½ù¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½
�������ê½
������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������
����1����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·öµï¿½ï¿½
����2����ò»ï¿½è¿ï¿½ë�ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½×¼è·öµï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
给动物分类教学设计 分散系及其分类教学设计篇二十八
����1��ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
����1��í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ã¡£
����2���ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½òªï¿½ã£¬ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ê¾ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½ä£ï¿½í¡ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������꼶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ú¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����3�øµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½
�����ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½í¬ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°
����4��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4.1 ��ò»ñ§ê±
����1��ñ§ï¿½î¶¯
�����1�����롿������ ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµä»ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
��������ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½
���������飺��������í°ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ò»ï¿½ï¿½
����������������
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½
����1
����ð¡ñ§ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ ���æ½ì¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð����
�����2�����ú¡ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í° ����������í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ ����������í°ï¿½ï¿½æ·
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(�î¼ï¿½í¼æ¬)
��������������ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ø£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½
��������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë��ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½
���������뻷���øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²»í¬ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
��������ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ë»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����3�����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ªõ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯òªï¿½ï¿½ ������òªï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������
����2
����ð¡ñ§ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ ���æ½ì¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½
������������
�����4����òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ß¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
